{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":68,"pdf_page":84,"physical_index":84,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"628f25920da38dbe89ba6d220ff8ad64354e619fcac86f254cb9e3cc82bbac57"},"chapter":"第二章批判的建构主义","content":"社会建构主义和行动者网络理论的贡献\n\n社会建构主义认为，技术设计依赖于社会组织或“行动者”如何阐释技术问题。在人造物的早期发展阶段，往往涉及多个行动者，而这些行动者对需要解决的问题的本质做出相冲突的阐释。不同的社会群体可能把不同的目的赋予手段，但从技术的立场来看，这些手段基本上是相似的。设计决定起因于这些指派。通过表明社会要素干预导致“结束”即设计过程中达成共识或竞争者遭受失败的一个阶段的决定，社会建构主义方法在具体技术中的运用阻止了关于效能争论的意识形态依赖。\n\n对这种进路引用得最多的是特雷弗·平奇(TrevorPinch)和韦博·比耶克列举的关于自行车早期历史的例子。②两种竞争的自行车在早年共同存在：一种是骑得快的，前面一个大轮子，后面一个小轮子；另一种是骑得慢的，两个轮子一样大，被看作是“安全的”。今天大前轮的自行车似乎是我们所骑的自行车的原始前辈，但是在它自己的时代，这个设计适合特定的使用者。考虑到它们的当代社会意义而不是根据想象的年代学来看待它们，平奇和比耶克建议“对称地”对待这两种主要的设计。\n\n68\n\n技术体系：理性的社会生活\n\n①关于将市场作为社会建构的创新方法，参见Michel Callon，Madeleine Akrich， Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier, Catherine Grandclément, Antoine Hennion, Bruno Latour, Alexandre Mallard, Cécile Méadel, Fabian Muniesa, and Vololona Rabeharisoa, Sociologie des Agencements Marchands (Paris: Presses des Mines, 2013)。\n\n② Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker, \"TheSocial Construction ofFacts and Artefacts,\" in The Social Construction of Technological Systems, ed. W. Bijker, T. Hughes, and T. Pinch (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), 17 - 50.","previous_page":67,"next_page":69}