{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":73,"pdf_page":89,"physical_index":89,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2834dee9103f8902dff41a9c807ed956edac9b40cf3263e2668137ed807106a1"},"chapter":"第二章批判的建构主义","content":"对称的限度\n\n建构主义的STS引入了关于技术设计和大众与技术中介的关系的新观念，这些技术中介将其成员联结在一起。这对于标准的社会和政治理论是一个重大的进步，标准的社会和政治理论对技术做抽象化理解或者对其进行决定论式的拜物教化。然而，从案例研究转移到建构一种相对主义的认识论和新的网络本体论并不那么具有说服力。在尝试将STS概括为一种全面的政治理论时，这些问题就暴露出来了。正如我们所看到的那样，对称的两个原则要求将相同的方法和术语应用于争论的所有参与者和对人类和非人类关系的描述中。这些原则有着相互矛盾的政治涵义。一方面，它们削弱了技术官僚的霸权并为技术领域的民主倡议创造出空间。但另一方面，它们使得理解诸如现代资本主义社会这样的异质环境中的社会冲突的本质变得困难。\n\n建构主义的对称原则尤其证明了其在稳定普通人的技术贡献方面的有效性。那些受利益和传统束缚的专家，一旦他们的产品广为流通之后，有时候就会忽视被揭示出来的问题和潜质。①环境主义在很大程度上建立在用户和受害者不能容忍污染的基础之上，而这些污染一开始是注定被商人和专家所接受的。借助互联网，用户为主要的技术体系进步做出了不可否认的贡献。对称对公众参与再设计有缺陷的或受到不必要限制的技术做出了公正的处理。\n\n第二章 批判的建构主义\n\n73\n\n① Feenberg, The Philosophy of Praxis, chap. 3; Max Horkheimer, \"On the Problem of Truth,\"in Between Philosophy and SocialScience: Selected Early Writings, ed. and trans, G. F. Hunter, M. S. Kramer, and J. Torpey (Cambridge, MA; MIT Press, 1995).","previous_page":72,"next_page":74}