{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":74,"pdf_page":90,"physical_index":90,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7e4079bd1cc5e9d1d16d769f89637d27ac806895a1e38e563e1da40a834ad522"},"chapter":"第二章批判的建构主义","content":"有些外行的干预与现有制度发生了严重的冲突。社会冲突当然是马克思主义者(例如卢卡奇和马尔库塞)的核心关注点。早期的社会建构主义塑造了它关于不同类型的冲突的讨论科学争论，它针对将STS的方法推广到整个社会提出了问题。STS后来理解社会冲突的许多尝试与这种早期模型分道扬镳了，但是建构主义的对称则保留了经常参考的重要概念。\n\n尽管有例外，但是科学家的行为对证据保持良好的信仰并且以此为基础，甚至当他们不同意对它的阐释或者被其希望所欺骗时也如此。科学的社会方面主要不是动机问题，②建构主义的对称原则被用来承认这一事实。将它运用于科学争论，意在确保相同的方法将被运用于争论的各方，同时又避免做出单向度的(one-sided)对待。正如上面所提到的那样，对称的对待所强加的方法论相对主义抵消了以下倾向，即将成功者理想化并贬低失败者的智力和合理性(或者，反之亦然，妖魔化胜利者却过度抬高失败者的成就）。\n\n74\n\n技术体系：理性的社会生活\n\n① NellyOudshoorn and T. J. Pinch, eds. , How Users Matter: The Co-Constructionof Users and Technologies (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003); Gwen Ottinger and Benjamin R. Cohen, eds., Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011).\n\n②2016年在马斯特里赫特(Maastricht)的讨论中，萨利·怀亚特(Sally Wyatt)认为我过于信任科学家的美德。由于在他们中间长大，我可能怀有偏见，但我也考虑到2008年之后几乎整个银行业都没有受到惩罚和近几年极少数科学家由于谎报虚假结果而受到的极为严厉的惩罚之间的区别。当然这指的是期待上的差别。这并不否认在新自由主义资助的影响下科学家精神受到的腐蚀。","previous_page":73,"next_page":75}