{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":78,"pdf_page":94,"physical_index":94,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5d7656cf9ef3bea671d01498c1a2cdcd601aa14e00fab2f65dacbf760dd6d3ab"},"chapter":"第二章批判的建构主义","content":"在他的一本早期著作中，拉图尔引入了“反纲领”（antiprogram)这个术语来指称这些网络的冲突方面。②批判的建构主义基于这个概念提出了新的对称原则。我提议纲领和反纲领的对称以避免对占统治地位的行动者的偏向。③与行动者意图相对应的纲领将网络中相互关联的元素集合起来。在行动者有冲突的地方，不同的纲领可能强调不同的要素。同样的工厂，对它的管理者来说似乎是一个经济实体，但对它的邻居来说则似乎是污染的来源。管理者和邻居都属于这个网络，但是他们对于这个网络的不同关系则在不同的纲领中显现例如商业计划和诉讼案例。下一章要讲的西蒙栋的个性化概念体现了在分析这个网络时，如何在纲领层面调和相对主义和实在论。\n\n78\n\n技术体系：理性的社会生活\n\n① Frank Rich, \"The Billionaires Bankrolling the Tea Party,\" New York Times, August28,2010,20,http://www. nytimes. com/2010/08/29/opinion/29rich. html?r=0.在处理这类事件上，社会建构主义比行动者网络理论装备得更好吗？的确，它看似如此，因为它强调利益和资源在决策中的作用。但是在这个事例中，最初在强意义上提出的对称可能起到模棱两可的作用，将真正的科学知识等“资源”等同于得到很好回报的否认气候变化的伪科学。或者更明智地说，对称根本不起任何作用，因为在争论的一方没有严肃的合理性的资源一只有宣传。在那样的情况下，很难看出建构主义的分析如何区分于传统的政治分析。\n\n② Bruno Latour, \"Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts,\" in Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, ed. W. E. Bijker and John Law (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992) , 251 - 252.\n\n③ Feenberg, Questioning Technology, 116- 119.","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}