{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":82,"pdf_page":98,"physical_index":98,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2eb577e69555c48a2631c992cb206054f3215ca625181388224161b88618abc0"},"chapter":"第二章批判的建构主义","content":"一旦加入了一个网络，个体就不仅获得了新的利益，而且在某些情况下他们也获得了关于这个网络的特定知识和关于其发展的潜在权力。这种来自下面的知识和内部的权力不同于和这个网络不相干的个人的知识和权力。即使没有专家资格，内部人也能发现问题和弱点。他们有平台去改变形成这个网络的设计行为准则，这是有意识的合作生产网络成员与界定了角色和设计的行为准则之间的互动。\n\n在批判的建构主义中，参与技术冲突的公民的行动被称作“民主干预”。大多数的民主干预都是“后验的”(aposteriori)，在技术进入公共世界之后的下游发生。当代有许多诸如关于污染或医疗争论的例子导致听证会、诉讼和抵制，这些争论往往带来规则、设计和实践的改变。还有一种干预模式是对技术的创造性占有，包括黑客入侵或技术用户为了满足意外需求而对工具的再发明，这种模式在互联网的发展过程中起到了重要作用。①第三种干预模式包括在技术发布之前的行动。这种先验模式具有两种主要形式，公众参与到“公民陪审团”或“混合平台”以评估拟议的创新，以及参与合作设计过程。在这些情况下，当局在做出最终决定之前要求个人参加而不是个人在所有决定做出之后参加到抗议的过程中。②\n\n82\n\n54\n\n技术体系：理性的社会生活\n\n①Janet Abbate, Inventing the Internet (Cambridge, MA: MITPress, 1999).\n\n②Callon, Lascoumes, and Barthe, Acting in an Uncertain World; Chilvers and Kearnes, Remaking Participation; Feenberg, Questioning Technology, chap. 5.","previous_page":81,"next_page":83}