{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","title":"The Stack On Software and Sovereignty","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780262029575","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","id":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","uuid":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","title":"The Stack On Software and Sovereignty","normalized_title":"thestackonsoftwareandsovereignty","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780262029575","isbns":["9780262029575"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":517,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/The%20Stack%20On%20Software%20and%20Sovereignty","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/search"},"page":{"printed_page":157,"pdf_page":173,"physical_index":173,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d399c99f3abcea57cc5120b9f85ab8ead2eaa43d2acaa75551b63c3c16e7efff"},"chapter":"Fheck The Stack |On Software and Sovereignty Benjamin H. Bratton","content":"A second essay from the same era extended these dynamics into a new diagram of the social writ large. Among his very last published writings, the essay “ Postscript on Societies of Control ” ended up as Deleuze ’ s most widely leveraged observation on the contemporary city and media. This very brief text is concerned with the historical transformation of cities from an older “ disciplinary ” mode, coercing inhabitants into governable mass envelopes such as schools, factories, prisons, office buildings, and barracks, toward a new “ control ” mode, for which anyone ’ s self-directed movements through open and closed spaces is governed in advance at every interfacial point of passage, as built up parametrically through filtering gateways, point-of-purchase identity verification, and the local geography of entertainment. Control, which Deleuze defines in terms of the addiction-debt-mimicry tropes of William S. Burroughs, normalizes oscillations between the striation and smoothing of urban space and gives real-time shape to social systems convened by the soft cybernetics of interface design. We recognize the city he describes as filled with suspicious responsive environments, from ATM PINs, to key cards and parking permits, e-tickets to branded entertainment, personalized recommendations from others who have purchased similar items, mobile social network transparencies, GPS-enabled monitoring of parolees, and customer phone tracking for retail layout optimization. In the “ control ” city, there may not be a Foucauldian disciplinary gate because there is no “ outside ” to which anyone might escape .<sup>15</sup> For other Users, the interfacial regime at work already knows in advance that they are not allowed into the generalized gated community, and for them there is only outside.\n\nDeleuze ’ s essay begins by contrasting Virilio ’ s analysis of the “ ultrarapid forms of free-floating control that replaced the old disciplines operating in the time frame of a closed system ” to Foucault ’ s disappearing societies of carceral discipline as evidenced by a general crisis of enclosure. Where enclosures are “ molds, ” controls are instead a “ modulation, ” a “ self- deforming cast that will continuously change from one moment to the other, or like a sieve whose mesh will transmute from point to point, ” as laid over soft focus phase transitions of activities without distinct beginning or end. Techniques of identity are externalized into codes and passwords, overcoming the mass/individual dynamic whereby each User is a provisional individual and each plurality is a market of patterns and predictive models. Deleuze saw that an evolution into societies of control is marked by the predominance of computational information technology as its signal apparatus: “ The societies of control operate with machines of a third type, computers, whose passive danger is jamming and whose active one is piracy or the introduction of viruses. ” He closes the essay with a warning of sorts about a hypothetical control city that from today ’ s perspective looking back to 1991, when it was written, seems quaint:\n\nCity Layer\n\n157","previous_page":156,"next_page":158}