{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","title":"The Stack On Software and Sovereignty","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780262029575","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","id":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","uuid":"24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","title":"The Stack On Software and Sovereignty","normalized_title":"thestackonsoftwareandsovereignty","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780262029575","isbns":["9780262029575"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":517,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/The%20Stack%20On%20Software%20and%20Sovereignty","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/24410bf1-91f1-4e6b-9613-e64f0132d341/search"},"page":{"printed_page":284,"pdf_page":300,"physical_index":300,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"57c595befad046b481683732e73f791c00be120b1cbc4ca42d869b53f6255e04"},"chapter":"Fheck The Stack |On Software and Sovereignty Benjamin H. Bratton","content":"67. From User-Centered Design to the Design of the User\n\nThese three models for the design of posthuman User— the animal User, as exemplified by the design of reciprocal interfaces between species; the AI User, by the design of idiosyncratic companion personalities; and the machine User, by the infrastructural driverless car platform — in no way exhaust the range of problems and opportunities, but they are instructive in several important ways. First, their dynamics aren ’ t contained at the User level into a single subject position. Beyond the User and City circuit, they draw all layers of The Stack into volatile but particular configurations, such that a design intervention at any other layer ( Address, Interface, Cloud, or Earth) could determine the character of the whole, and in turn configure the User’ s position differently. Second, they don ’ t simply replace humans with nonhuman actors, but incorporate diverse living and nonliving agents into nonexclusive assemblages, from which any of them can come and go and still retain their unique profile. As design problematics, the models in different ways also demonstrate a principle of the platform within a platform. That is, for each scenario, The Stack metaplatform provides interoperability through the central coordination of information produced and consumed by autonomous, if also regularized, Users at the far edges of its networks. But the incorporation of many different types of actors (human, machinic, bots, animals, infrastructures) into recombinant User assemblages, all with differing regular morphologies and temporalities, means that inside the User position itself, rather different kinds of platform logics between individuated actors can occur. That is, not only is the User served (and does it serve) the platform logic of The Stack, but the possible form and affective content of the User position is itself engaged by different intelligent actors negotiating among one another. That empty shell of the User position is itself a microplatform within the macroplatform of The Stack. Finally, as the future governmental complexities of a continental-scale autonomous Cloud vehicle system in full bloom make clear, the surfacing of nonhuman Users can ’ t simply inherit legacy sovereign positions available to humans, like citizen or legal individual or driver or “ person. ” They don ’ t fit, and the Cloud Polis we will constitute with them will have to include other durable, enforceable political positions for human and posthuman Users alike. The development of these new sovereign formats necessitated by the revelation of nonhumans in User positions, may be the most effective driver for retooling how the territorial visions of nonstate Cloud platforms and state Cloud platforms intersect and collide. In short, as more and more unlike figures come to occupy the User position, smashing up against one another and plugging into one another, they contort that position into different shapes, sizes, and durations. As such, design cannot possibly continue to refer to “ user-centered design ” without a radical complication of each of these terms (or risk reactionary failure), and so as new actors crowd that position, the longer-term geopolitical design problem is the design of the User itself — its limits, vulnerabilities, velocities.\n\n284\n\nUser Layer","previous_page":283,"next_page":285}