{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0","title":"回到福柯 暴力性构序与生命治安的话语构境","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208136014","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0","id":"24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0","uuid":"24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0","title":"回到福柯 暴力性构序与生命治安的话语构境","normalized_title":"回到福柯暴力性构序与生命治安的话语构境","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208136014","isbns":["9787208136014"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":611,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E7%A6%8F%E6%9F%AF%20%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E6%80%A7%E6%9E%84%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%89%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%E6%9E%84%E5%A2%83","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/24db3d42-72f5-4236-8255-80f6ff3283d0/search"},"page":{"printed_page":516,"pdf_page":571,"physical_index":571,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"627e78a7dd2698123e53eebc7e17c08a8bdbf90a596782eb9f2b371988a0702a"},"chapter":"第十五章 自由主义的幻象:市场与公民社会的治理技艺","content":"为此,福柯引述了孔多塞[42]的《人类精神进步》(LesProgrèsdel'esprithumain)。他说，在此书第9个时代的分析中，孔多塞讨论过这种被称为经济人的个人主体。其实，自由的经济人的个人利益取决于市场和社会生活中发生的无数无法预见的东西，其中，“每个个人从属于一个整体，后者是一个无法控制、无法规定的，它是物的进程和世界的进程(cours de choses et lecoursdumonde)”,个人利益的实现,恰恰与“大量个人之外的要素有关”,于是,经济人只能处于某种不自由的“不定的内在场(champd'immanenceindéfini)”之中。[43]在福柯看来,在市场活动中被资产阶级假设为自由、自主的经济人,实际上处于“双重不自主(doubleinvolontaire)、双重不确定(double indéfini)和双重无法总计(double non-totalisable)”的可笑处境之中。所谓双重不自主,指的是大量偶然因素作用于经济人的活动结果上的不自主和他不自主地为他人利益做事;双重不确定和双重无法总计，指的是经济人的利益“所依赖的那些偶然属于一个我们既不能贯穿也不能总计的领域，另一方面，通过产出自己的利益而给他人带来的收益，对他来说也是一种未明确,一种无法总计和不确定”[44]。福柯将这个看起来是独立主体的自由经济人勾勒为一个被市场中生成的看不见的手(main invisible)支配的可怜木偶。福柯在此讲座中20余次使用maininvisible这一词组。于是，在福柯此处的思考深境之中，我们再一次回到了政治经济学中的斯密。\n\n回到福柯\n\n516","previous_page":515,"next_page":517}