{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":134,"pdf_page":142,"physical_index":142,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"aab9e99935021f0506e3a8d19f0ed22358fd2b6edb804182b7a932ef4c907384"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"有了这样一种批判，启蒙第一次具有了反思意识。而启蒙完成自我反思，依靠的就是它自己的产物—理论。不过，一旦意识形态批判本身被怀疑再也不能产生真实性时，启蒙的戏剧性就达到了高潮，这样，启蒙也就第二次具有了反思意识。于是，怀疑也就波及到了理性：意识形态批判在资产阶级理想当中发现了理性的标准，并且坚持这些标准。《启蒙辩证法》完成了这一步，它甚至使批判独立于自身的立足点。那么，霍克海默和阿多诺为何认为他们有必要迈出这一步呢？\n\n批判理论最初是在霍克海默的圈子中发展起来的，目的是要研究由于西方革命的缺席、斯大林主义在苏联的发展以及法西斯主义在德国的上台而造成的政治沮丧。批判理论试图阐明马克思主义所作的错误预测，但并没有打算彻底告别马克思主义立场。明确了这样一个背景，我们也就可以理解，为什么在第二次世界大战这样一个最困难的时期，人们会获得这样的印象：理性的最后一点光芒已经从现实中彻底消失了，剩下的只是坍塌的文明废墟和不尽的绝望。青年阿多诺从本雅明那里吸收的自然历史观念①，看来以一种未曾预见的方式获得了实现。历史在它快速发展的瞬间，凝固成了自然，并蜕变为无法辨认的希\n\n① 阿多诺：《全集》(Gesammelte Schriften)，第 1 卷，Frankfurt am Main, 1973，第345页以下。\n\n134","previous_page":133,"next_page":135}