{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":140,"pdf_page":148,"physical_index":148,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b3be8302119b05798f6e9461977b1a79e6fd4308595909da86474853680e2cee"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"令人吃惊的首先是他们在内容上的一致性。①霍克海默和阿多诺为“主体性的源始历史”所设定的基础结构，在每个细节上都与尼采的理论有着相似的地方。尼采认为，一旦人被剥夺了他们的“外在”本能，他们就不得不依赖于“意识”，也就是依赖于把外在自然对象化和扭曲化的机器：\n\n他们被还原为对因果的思考、推断、计算以及联系。这些不幸的人啊。②\n\n然而，与此同时，古老的本能必须得到驯化，找不到出路的需求本性必须受到压抑。在这样一个冲动与内在化的过程中，形成了一种内在自然的主体性，而且是打着“弃绝”或“恶劣良知”的旗号：\n\n所有不能向外宣泄的本能都向内转了，这就是我所说的人的内在化。这是人第一次发展了后来被称为“灵魂”的东西。整个内在世界本来像是夹在两层皮中间那么薄，而现在，当人的外向发泄受到限制时，内在世界就相应地向所有的方向发展，从而有了深度、宽度和高度。③\n\n最后，统治外在自然和内在自然的两个因素在人对人的统治制度中联系到了一起，并被固定了下来：\n\n社会和和平的禁令都是建立在制度之上，因为它们强迫人们自我克制。那个被国家组织用来保护自己免受古老自由本能侵害的可怕屏障—惩罚是这个屏障中最主要的部分使得野蛮人、自由人、漫游者的所有本能都转而反对人自身。①\n\n① P. 普茨：《尼采与批判理论》(Nietzsche im Lichte der Kritischen Theorie')，载：《尼采研究》，Berlin,1974，第175页以下。\n\n尼采：《全集》，第5卷，第322页。\n\n③ 同上。\n\n140","previous_page":139,"next_page":141}