{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":142,"pdf_page":150,"physical_index":150,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"eb4d7b2390f2be1d34139dba1630dade034e6cfb9d49065907b9e93120064671"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"尼采把趣味(“对味觉的肯定与否定”②)提高为惟一能够超越真理与谬误、善与恶的“认识”工具。他把艺术批评家的趣味判断提高为价值判断的模式，提高为“估价”的模式。批评的正当意义就是价值判断的意义，它建立了一种等级秩序，用以权衡事物、衡量力量。所有的解释都是估价。“肯定”表达的是高估，“否定”表达的则是低估。“高”和“低”表明的是肯定和否定两种不同的立场。\n\n值得注意的是尼采如何不断地暗中破坏对可以批判检验的有效性要求所持的肯定立场或否定立场。尼采首先贬低了断言命题的真实性和规范命题的正确性，为此，他把有效性与非有效性还原为积极的价值判断和消极的价值判断；也就是说，他把复杂命题(比如“P是真的”，“H是对的”)，即我们为陈述命题和应然命题要求有效性的复杂命题还原为简单的评价命题。通过评价命题，我们表达的是价值判断；也就是说，我们强调真理高于谬误、善高于恶。这样，尼采就把有效性要求重新解释为了偏好，并提出了这样的问题：“假设我们更喜欢真理(或公正):那么，我们为什么不是更喜欢谬误(和不公)呢？”①而正是趣味判断，回答了真理和公正的“价值”问题。\n\n① 尼采：《全集》，第5卷，第402页。\n\n②同上，第158页。\n\n142","previous_page":141,"next_page":143}