{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":195,"pdf_page":203,"physical_index":203,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"41cd6df2abef9968dd9f224b6cf52f9f00b978586e01d30a8cf5ce54b087b4ff"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"众所周知，胡塞尔明确区分了表达一种语言意义的符号(Zeichen)和纯粹的信号(Anzeichen)。化石骨骼表明太古时代的动物是存在的。旗帜和徽章证明的是所有者的民族属性。在手绢上打结，是要提醒人们有些意图尚未实现。在所有这些例子当中，信号所唤起的都是对一种事态的意识。至于信号与所标示的事态之间是通过因果关系还是通过逻辑关系、描绘关系或纯粹的常规关系建立起来的，则无关紧要。就拿手绢上的结来说吧，作为信号，如果对符号的感知通过心理联想唤起人们对一种并不在场的事件产生想法，那就是信号在起作用。语言表达则用一种不同的方式来展示其意义(或对象，当语言表达具有指示功能时，它便针对一个对象)。不同于信号，语言表达之所以具有意义，不是依靠联想，而是根据一种理想的语境。值得我们注意的是，胡塞尔把模仿和姿势都看作是记号，因为他忽视了这些自发的身体动作中所含有的意志或交往意图—简言之，即言语者的意向性。当它们代替语言表达时，它们就获得了意义。语言表达可以通过它们先天的语言结构而与信号区分开来：“一个表达不仅具有意义，而且还涉及到某些对象物。”②换言之，一个表达永远都可以扩充成一个命题，并把所说的内容与陈述的对象联系起来。相反，信号没有区分开关涉对象与预设内容，因而也就无法摆脱对语境的依赖；而同语境保持独立，正是语言表达的重要特征。\n\n① 胡塞尔：《逻辑研究》(Logische Untersuchungen)，第 2 卷，Tübingen,1913/1980,第23页以下。\n\n②同上，第46页。\n\n195","previous_page":194,"next_page":196}