{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":253,"pdf_page":261,"physical_index":261,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"330db7e623fe07a0ee092c48758024f7a335d32e3e03bf250818d4cd3d653e3e"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"2\n\n法西斯主义在意大利的胜利和国家社会主义在德意志帝国的掌权——远早于奥斯维辛———都是一些特殊现象，由此引发的不仅有误导，也有迷惑和惊喜。没有一种对时代保持高度敏感的理论，没有受到过法西斯主义的深刻影响，值得一提的主要有在二十世纪二十年代和三十年代初处于成型阶段的理论比如海德格尔的基础本体论，正如我们所看到的，还有巴塔耶的异质理论和霍克海默的批判理论。①1933年11月，海德格尔发表了选举演说，支持“元首”，而与此同时，巴塔耶出版了他的研究著作《法西斯主义的心理结构》。和马克思主义的解释不同，巴塔耶关注的不是从理论上可以阐明的经济原因和社会结构原因，而是新的政治运动的现象，特别是其显而易见的社会心理学的表现形式。他首先关注的是被动员起来的大众对卡里斯玛型元首的依赖，即法西斯主义统治作秀的一面——把元首推崇为圣人，这是一种精心设计的大众仪式；一种明显的暴力和催眠，对合法性的破坏，以及对表象民主和表象博爱的抛弃：\n\n① 请参阅杜比尔：《科学组织与政治经验》（Wissenschaftsorganisation und politische Erfahrung),Frankfurt am Main, 1978;及其:《阿多诺社会理论的现实意义》 (Die Aktualität der Gesellschaftstheorie Adornos')，载弗里德堡、哈贝马斯(编):《阿 多诺讨论文集》，第293页以下。\n\n253","previous_page":252,"next_page":254}