{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":256,"pdf_page":264,"physical_index":264,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"49142be440c5a07fe74f369f3aa2e7224721027d4a4a08f1004b080c82f1c20c"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"科学所创立起来的规则，在一个可以计算的生产世界的不同因素之间建立起了同一性关系。①\n\n现在，法西斯元首和被迷惑的大众闯进了这个合理化的世界。巴塔耶说到异质存在时不无赞赏。在他看来，希特勒和墨索里尼是作为“彻底的他者”而出现在以利益为取向的大众民主背景下的。他被希特勒和墨索里尼的暴力所吸引：\n\n他们(希特勒和墨索里尼)用暴力来压制人民、政党甚至法律—这种暴力打破了事物的正常发展，这是一种平静却令人生厌的同质性，它无法依靠自己的力量来维持自身。②\n\n在法西斯统治下，同质因素和异质因素奇特地融合到了一起—一方面是诸如奉献、纪律和爱好秩序，它们属于同质社会的功能要求；另一方面却是大众的迷狂和元首的权威，它们显示了真正的自主权。法西斯国家融合了异质因素和同质因素。它是一种国家化的自主权。它继承了自主权的遗产，而这种自主权在传统社会中具有宗教形态和军事形态。但在元首的自主权中，这两种因素却没有什么区别。法西斯主义的本质说到底就是人对人的统治。元首的光芒保证了大众的忠诚，并摆脱了任何一种合法性的要求。和卡尔·施米特一样，巴塔耶对无条件接受法西斯主义的解释是：主人的暴力就其核心而言具有卡里斯玛特征，并根植于异质因素之中：\n\n① 《自主权》，第10页。\n\n② 同上，第18页。\n\n256","previous_page":255,"next_page":257}