{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":261,"pdf_page":269,"physical_index":269,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"186fc51af85bc18dd88348bce94f3162afa416f82d7e020c53cf1fc7200cb9fe"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"工人的目的是为了生存而生产。而企业家的目的则是为了把劳动生产者置于凄惨的困境而生产。①\n\n然而，巴塔耶随即又否定了这种众所周知的结论：为了自己而不断生产的“生命”，在劳动自身内部是一种合理的目的。相反，在巴塔耶看来，生产目的超越了劳动力的生产性消费与对使用价值的消费性占有(在这些使用价值当中，劳动过程获得了对象化)之间的循环。巴塔耶推动了他所依赖的人的活动的表现主义模式发生转向，从而消除了其实践哲学基础。也就是说，他在消费当中看到了一种深刻的矛盾：一边是生命所必需的劳动力再生产，另一边则是奢侈消费；这种奢侈消费让劳动产品摆脱生活必然领域，进而摆脱新陈代谢过程的主宰，而用于浪费。这是一种非生产性的消费形式，从单个商品占有者的经济视角来看，它是一种损失，但它同时能够实现和证明人的自主权以及人的本真存在。\n\n当然，马克思也曾提到过一个自由领域：它超越了必然领域，也超越了由外部自然的新陈代谢所决定的生产领域。但是，马克思把创造性地运用休闲时间纳入个体本质力量的外化和重新获得的模式之中马克思的参照点一直都是正在进行自我实现的完整个体。然而，巴塔耶非常现实地觉察到了其中的危险：劳动成为一种必然习性，只是打着自主自由的幌子在不断进行而已。他担心，在一个物质丰富的世界里，真正的自主权也会受到压制，如果按照收支均衡原则，合理利用物质财富和精神财富没有为一种极端不同的消费形式留下空间，即没有为消费主体可以外化自身的浪费留下空间。这种非生产性的消费形式把巴塔耶推到了自我放弃、自我超越以及暴怒等病态的边缘。这种自我膨胀在奢侈消费中也留下了经济学的踪迹，\n\n① 巴塔耶：《理论著作》，第 25 页。\n\n261","previous_page":260,"next_page":262}