{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":266,"pdf_page":274,"physical_index":274,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4d95d20e6a994bd6aab89a5ac8a8e2b1318e9bf548052f2818058834e985d2fd"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"历史上一度显赫的自主暴力，最初表现为牧师的神圣权力，后来又表现为贵族的军事权力以及建立在国家机器基础上的绝对主义王权；这种自主暴力只是一种派生的自主权，由于混杂了世俗权力，因而已经不纯了。自主权的所有历史形式都可以从它们导致社会分化、建立社会等级的力量中被辨别出来。统治者以及参与统治的人，作为一个社会阶层，是一种混杂现象，从中可以分出两个层面：它的超越劳动领域和客观领域的起源，以及统治在社会劳动制度中的压迫性和剥削性。当然，自主权在世界历史上的形式变换，也显示出一种消除等级分化的趋势：\n\n在远古社会，社会地位是与主体的神圣在场联系在一起的，这种主体的自主权并不依赖于物体，而是把物体纳入其活动之中。而在资产阶级社会，主体仅仅依赖于对既不自主也不神圣的物体的占有。①\n\n但这并不意味着，自主权从资产阶级社会中彻底消失了。生产资料的私人占有不仅在客观上把社会分裂为不同的阶级，而且建立了一种特权制度，对生活机会(包括获得承认的机会)作了不同的分配。这个事实已经表明，自主权在资产阶级社会中还是存在的。等级差异仅仅失去了其政治特征，但本身并未因此而彻底消失：它不再是源于对政治统治的参与，而是源于在生产过程中占有的地位。\n\n① 巴塔耶：《哈利路亚；爱欲与死亡的魅力；人类的摇篮；负荷的星球》(Der Halleluja ; Die Erotik und die Faszination des Todes; Die Wiege der Menschheit; Der belastete Planet),München,1979,第 60页。\n\n266","previous_page":265,"next_page":267}