{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":270,"pdf_page":278,"physical_index":278,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8d3f78466dd413e224bd39f98d0689f2f355571c3540b7cbe9a1658ef43b28cc"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"的设计。\n\n世界历史的发展过程在物化和自主权之间摇摆，它本应随着同质因素和异质因素、劳动和牺牲等不同领域的分离而走向结束，却再也不能从辩证法的角度来加以思考至少再也无法按照主体哲学的启蒙辩证法模式来加以思考，因为启蒙辩证法坚持的是一种由不同理性环节组成的星丛。自主权是理性的他者。巴塔耶无法通过给他的现代性结构披上辩证法外衣而使之令人信服。他必须着重阐明两点：一是社会合理化这一世界历史过程的动力；二是来世论对彻底物化转变为自由的期待。巴塔耶用他的科学抱负来回答了这两个问题。\n\n4\n\n从其人类学研究开始，巴塔耶就一直不断地在探讨“炫财冬宴”(Potlatsch)和奢侈的节日：“炫财冬宴”期间，北美印第安人会把大量的礼物赠予对手，故意炫耀自已的财富，以此向对手发出挑战，羞辱对手，或让对手担负责任。①实际上，巴塔耶对交换礼物所具有的社会一体化功能(相互承担的责任)并不感兴趣。他忽略这一层面，目的是为了突出挥霍、消耗和故意损失自己的财产而又不追求任何对等回报这一更加值得重视的层面。“炫财冬宴”是部落社会中非生产性消费的一个例子。但必须看到，馈赠者并不是在无私地挥霍财产。通过比富而击败对手，馈赠者保住了自己的声望和权力，并在集体中赢得或加强了自己的地位。这样，主动放弃的使用价值，就被通过计算所获得的权力给弥补了。这种实践的内部隐藏着自主权与目的合理性之间的矛盾：它用“生命的价值、声望以及真理来否定有目的的使用物品，而同时又出于一定的实际目的来运用这种否定”①。由于这种矛盾深深地扎根于一切历史形式的自主权结构当中，所以，巴塔耶用它来阐明浪费行为中所表现出来的自主权为何越来越被用于剥削劳动力，真正权威的源泉为何堕落成为“利益的可耻源头”。\n\n① 巴塔耶在这里援引的是马赛尔·莫斯的经典研究：《论礼物》(Essai sur leDon')，载：《社会学年鉴》(Annee Sociologique),1923/24,第 30 页以下。德文版：《礼物》(Die Gabe), Frankfurt am Main, 1968。\n\n270","previous_page":269,"next_page":271}