{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":319,"pdf_page":327,"physical_index":327,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"32a875b2be37d3915d6c6a26f5de97cd15eb6736d417b27b952a5114a7b82657"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"2\n\n这种模糊性虽然可以解释实证主义态度与批判要求之间充满悖论的联系，却无法证明这种联系，而这是福科二十世纪七十年代以后著作的一个显著特点。在《规训与惩罚》(1976)中，福科(主要是根据法国文献)探讨了古典时期(宽泛而言，就是绝对主义时期)和现代(即从十八世纪末以来)的统治技术。相应的规训形式则形成了《监狱的诞生》的主线。在古典时期，围绕着垄断暴力的国家主权，形成了错综复杂的权力关系。这种权力关系在现代自然法的法学语言游戏中表现了出来，而契约和法律的基本概念则是这些法学语言游戏的基础。专制国家理论的实际任务与其说是为了捍卫人权，不如说是为将一切暴力集中到君主手中提供论证。对君主而言，关键在于建立一个中央集权的公共管理机构和获得有利于行政管理的组织知识。知识的新的需求对象不是享有权利和义务的公民，而是拥有肉体和生命的臣民，而且最初仅仅满足于一些财政知识和统计知识，诸如出生率和死亡率、疾病与刑事犯罪、劳动与贸易、大众的福利与贫困等。福科从中已经看到了一种生命政治学的萌芽，它是打着关于国家主权的法学话语的旗号而逐步发展起来的。同时还产生了一种摆脱了规范语言游戏的规训权力。一旦人文科学成了这一规训权力的媒介，而全景式的监视形式渗透到一切遭到控制的肉体和物化的灵魂当中，那么，这种规训权力就会凝聚为一种新型的现代权力结构。\n\n319","previous_page":318,"next_page":320}