{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":325,"pdf_page":333,"physical_index":333,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0a7dc2f022fdcd80a6f6ae7baadd5e529b249cedf7411c27766ef3283101309e"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"3\n\n福科觉得自己是个“幸运的实证主义者”，因为他提出了三种卓有成效的还原方法：从人种学观察者的视角出发，把参与话语的解释者的意义理解还原为对话语的解释；从功能主义的角度，把有效性要求还原为权力效果；从自然主义角度，把应然(Sollen)还原为实然(Sein)。之所以说这些都是“还原”，是因为意义、真理有效性和评价的内在性并没有真正彻底融入权力实践的外在性。那些遭到排斥或压制的因素还会再次抬头，并捍卫自己的权利—主要是在元理论层面上。福科一旦试图说明我们应该如何理解谱系学的历史学家自己的所作所为，就会身陷困境而无法自拔。也就是说，所谓的知识客观性成了问题，原因在于，(1)历史学停留在原始情境当中，因而在无意之中具有了一种在场论的特征；(2)针对现实的分析只能把自己看作是依赖语境的实践，因而难免会具有一种相对论的特征；(3)批判无法阐明其规范性基础，因而具有任意的偏颇性特征。福科本人并没有正视这些矛盾—自然也就更没有从中汲取教训。\n\n325","previous_page":324,"next_page":326}