{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":329,"pdf_page":337,"physical_index":337,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"581c34407f61337350e150f43b18f71019161a7ed79a3700392e7d4fee54fae3"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"知识谱系学所使用的是被现有科学所摈弃的各种知识；知识谱系学为“底层知识”的造反提供了媒介。按照福科的理解，这里所说的“底层知识”，主要不是指既遭到遮蔽却又处于在场状态的专家知识，而是指下层群体所具有的从未成为官方知识也从未得到充分明确的经验。这里涉及到的是“大众”的潜在知识，大众在权力系统中处于最下层，无论是作为受难者，还是作为折磨机制的执行者，他们都能切身地感受到权力技术——比如，精神病人和护士、犯人和看守、集中营的囚犯与狱卒、黑人与同性恋者、妇女和巫师、流浪汉、儿童以及妄想症患者等所具有的知识。谱系学立足于局部性的知识、边缘性的知识以及或然性的知识，完成了它的挖掘工作。谱系学所立足的这些知识，“其长处仅仅在于它们坚决反对它们周围的一切”。这些知识“通常被认为是不符合事实的，没有得到充分的加工，因而是浅薄的，处于知识等级的下层，是一些低于必要的知识水平和科学水平的知识类型”①。但这类知识中包含着“关于斗争的历史知识”。谱系学把这些“地域性的记忆”提升到“专家知识”的高度，于是，便对各种权力实践的对立面产生了影响。从这样一种反权力的立场出发，谱系学赢得了一个超越一切掌权者视角的视角；而从这个视角出发，谱系学就可以超越一切只有在权力范围内才能形成的有效性要求。由于与大众的不成熟知识有着紧密的联系，这就为谱系学创造了优势，“进而赋予近十五年来的话语批判以本质力量”①。\n\n① 福科：《权力/知识》(Pouer/Knouledge),1978,第 60 页以下。\n\n329","previous_page":328,"next_page":330}