{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":33,"pdf_page":41,"physical_index":41,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"08afaaf31c79e37c69e01a0a1d469cbeda36ccd0ea9097062826f8ea5ed9e289"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"黑格尔在他的早期著作中考察了理性的和解力量，而这种理性是不可能从主体性中推导出来的。\n\n当黑格尔考虑到由反思带来的分裂时，他反复强调的是自我意识的权威性。现代的“实证”现象表明，主体性原则是一种统治原则。因此，启蒙运动所引起并强化的当代宗教的实证性和道德实证主义，都反映了“时代的困境”，而“在时代困境中，人要么成为客体遭到压迫，要么把自然作为客体加以压迫”。①理性的这种压迫特征普遍存在于自我关系的结构当中。所谓自我关系，就是将自身作为客体的主体关系。的确，基督教已经克服了自身的犹太教实证性；新教也已经将自身的一些天主教实证性克服掉了。但即使在康德的道德哲学和宗教哲学中，也还存在着一些实证性因素———这是理性自身的启蒙因素。在这种情况中，黑格尔认为，“原始莫卧儿人”与现代性的理性之子不同，前者臣服于盲目的统治，后者则只遵从自身的义务。不过，这种差别并不在于野蛮与自由，而是在于：\n\n前者被他人统治，而后者被自身统治，两者又都同时是其自身的奴隶：对特殊而言不管是冲动、倾向、病态之爱还是感性—普遍性都必定永远是异在或客体。这里仍残留着无法消除的实证性，它最终将使我们震惊，因为这种普遍义务的内涵具有一种特殊的义务：既限制矛盾，同时又是矛盾自身，并且为了一种普遍性形式而固执地追求一种\n\n2\n\n① 黑格尔：《全集》，第1卷，第318页。\n\n33","previous_page":32,"next_page":34}