{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":396,"pdf_page":404,"physical_index":404,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"30399b08a4e2058c6a7ca59e702b5675817a40c8a5fdec2db318d785678b3fe1"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"正如上文所指出的，把由于系统而物化的行为领域融入精神或社会的自发的自由关系当中，在第一代黑格尔右派那里就遭到强烈反对。他们反对把国家与社会混为一谈，坚持社会系统和国家主体之间的客观区别。新保守主义者继承了他们的观点，而且把他们的观点由否定推向肯定。汉斯·弗莱尔和约阿希姆·里特尔认为，文化和社会的物化动力只是主观自由领域制度化的另一面，而主观自由领域是值得我们追求的。盖伦还批判主观自由领域是一个空洞的主体性领域，认为它摆脱了一切客观的命令。甚至那些追随卢卡奇坚持物化概念的人，在说法上也和他们的对手越来越趋于一致。他们越来越倾向于认为，主体在面对自我关涉系统的循环过程时无所作为，因为这个循环过程不容左右。无论是在指责消极的总体性，还是在欢呼具体化，或是否定物化和从技术统治的角度坚持客观规律，他们相互之间都没有什么根深蒂固的区别了。数十年来，社会理论在对时代的诊断中越来越倾向于系统功能论的核心观点：让主体自身堕落为系统。系统功能论默然指出“个体的终结”，而阿多诺还曾用他的否定辩证法来限制“个体的终结”，反对认为这是自找的命运。卢曼则干脆假定，主体间性结构已经瓦解，个体脱离了其生活世界个人系统与社会系统相互构成环境。①马克思曾预言，一旦革命实践失败，就会出现野蛮状态；其特征在于生活世界彻底听从于脱离使用价值和具体劳动的资本使用过程的命令。系统功能论则坚持认为这种野蛮状态已经出现，而且不是单纯出现在资本主义经济领域，而是出现在一切功能系统的核心地带。生活世界被边缘化了，它要想维持下去，就必须把自己转换为一个受到媒介控制的亚系统，并且像金蝉脱壳一样\n\n①请参阅下文有关卢曼的附论。\n\n396","previous_page":395,"next_page":397}