{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":412,"pdf_page":420,"physical_index":420,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"338bdca35acd5c166fc8b9d8c9f7bd84090eba03c59f9ca361d4aaa19e7237b6"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"系统概念是在控制论和生物学语境中发展起来的。我们如果想在同等水平上用它来取代从笛卡尔到康德的认知主体概念，我们就必须对系统概念重新进行定义。具体内容如下：系统—周围世界一关系(System-Umwelt-Beziehung)取代了认知主体与(作为可以认识的对象总体性的)世界之间的内外关系。对于主体的意识活动而言，认识世界和认识自我构成了核心问题。但现在，这一问题要让位于如何维持和扩展系统的问题。系统的自我关涉性是按照主体的自我关涉性模式建立起来的。系统如果不与自身建立起联系，并通过反思为自身提供保障，就无法与其他系统建立联系。但系统的“自我”有别于主体的“自我”，因为它并未凝聚成为统觉意义上“我思”的“自我”，按照康德的说法，这种我思的“自我”必然会伴随着我的一切想像。系统理论必须把通过综合活动而建立起来的自我意识同一性当中的一切内容从自我关涉当中的“自我”身上剔除掉。自我关涉性是个别系统运作的特征。但从这些明确的自我关系中，不会产生一个中心，让系统作为一个整体而自我呈现出来，并在自我意识形式中对自己有所认识。这样，反思性概念就同意识概念分离了开来。但这就需要一个自我关系意识基础的等价物，以便标示出社会文化生活的发展水平。作为对应于意识的杰出成就，卢曼引入了一个独特的概念：“意义”(Sinn)。就此概念而言，卢曼采用的是胡塞尔的现象学描述。在胡塞尔看来，一个符号所表达的意义总是指向一种基本的意向(Intention)。“意向”是比“意义”更基本的概念。相应地，卢曼从前语言的角度把“意义”定义为与体验和行动的意向性相关的参照语境，其内部充满了现实的可能性。于是，加工意义或使用意义的系统就代替了具有自我意识能力的主体。\n\n1\n\n412","previous_page":411,"next_page":413}