{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":414,"pdf_page":422,"physical_index":422,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ecf4207924a2c79881e9c6ab1c4b304b051471b22324dbc135f0f2dea364ea60"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"再次，卢曼和马克思很相似，因为马克思用“实践”代替了“自我意识”，并对精神的形成过程进行了一次自然主义的转向。社会劳动应当充当“类”与作为周围世界的外部客观自然之间交换材料的中介。因此，这是一个循环过程，始于劳动力的消耗，经由对产品的生产和使用，再返回到劳动力的再生产，并被认为是类的自我再生产过程。系统理论认为，这个过程是自我创造的一个特例。马克思所说的社会物质再生产，对于自我关涉的系统而言，则具有普遍意义。系统中所使用的每一个因素都必须通过系统自身而产生出来，而不能从其周围世界中“现成地”拿过来。加工意义的系统在运作过程中具有自我关涉性，这种自我关涉性具有的主要是一种自我创造的实践意义，而不是自我实现的理论意义。\n\n在这个前提下，系统理论赞同马克思主义社会理论的观点，主张对自身的发生语境和应用语境加以反思。系统理论的认识活动通过反思把自己看作是社会过程的组成部分和功能，同时又把社会过程看作是自己的对象。而马克思主义理论坚持一种理性概念，从而使自己能够在自我反思和真理的有效性以及从内部自然和外部自然的暴力中解放出来之间建立起一种内在的联系。①系统理论允许认知行为(哪怕是自身的认知行为)融入到消除复杂性的系统活动中，进而消灭知识当中的一切绝对因素。系统理论把自己理解为一种功能分析，并且认为，由于这一方法所带来的相应问题，自己完全可以融入系统自我维持的功能关系当中—而没有任何超越这些关系的意图和力量。②\n\n414","previous_page":413,"next_page":415}