{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":426,"pdf_page":434,"physical_index":434,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6c6cfe1f6c93f63a8c5aa3a0351c84b9e18f4427c1b11331f2649b842aa43b0e"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"它们处理信息的能力可以解决相互交往过程(相互观察的自我指涉系统)中出现的少数问题。它们始终是分离的，从未融合，并不比以前更加相互理解。它们集中关注的，是它们在作为一个周围世界中的系统的他者身上所能观察到的作为投入和产出的一切，它们各自还通过自我指涉学习掌握各自的观察视角。它们可以通过其自身行为而对它们所观察到的一切施加影响，也可以从其反馈中汲取经验。这样就会突然出现一种秩序……我们称之为社会系统。①\n\n社会系统用交往形式来加工意义。这样就投入了语言。但语言并没有把具有一致意义的表达提供给人们使用，而是仅仅允许用符号替代意义。意义针对的始终是理解视角的差异性。当然，自我和他者可以“在意见当中使用具有一致意义的符号，从而加强他们意指的同一性”②。语言作为交往媒介并没有得到明确的定义，以致它不足以用系统之上或系统之间更高的视角来克服单个系统以自我为中心的视角。如果说多个系统并不具有一致的意义，那么同样，沟通也不会把自己明确为一种严格意义上的共识。社会维度和事实维度的分离，正是要排除人们所说的语言的终极目的：用我们相互就事物所达成的共识的可能性来论证我对事物的理解。因此，一个命题的有效性也不能建立在主体间对可以批判检验的有效性要求的承认基础上，而是应当建立在只为自我或他者而存在的共识基础上。语言不能提供一个牢固基础，让自我在关于某物的共识中与他者相遇：\n\n① 《社会系统》，第157页。\n\n②同上，第220页。\n\n426","previous_page":425,"next_page":427}