{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","id":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","uuid":"296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title":"现代性的哲学话语","normalized_title":"现代性的哲学话语","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544715829","isbns":["9787544715829"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":463,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/296fac69-2927-4952-8b17-011f7141a0cd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":45,"pdf_page":53,"physical_index":53,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b81874d91c6e730d522eceedefd27844feeac3f0ce3d9675468fef3856df7c46"},"chapter":"现代性的哲学话语","content":"尽管要到黑格尔后来写作《法哲学原理》的时候，“市民社会”这个新词才出现，但黑格尔早在耶拿时期就已经构想出了这个新的概念。在《论自然法的科学研究方法》(1802)一文中，黑格尔借用政治经济学，“根据物质需求和劳动及其积累来把普遍相互依赖的系统”③作为“财产和权利的系统”加以分析。在这篇文章中，黑格尔已经提出了这样的问题：市民社会如何才能不仅被当作实质伦理崩溃的领域，同时在其否定性中，又可以被看作是伦理的一个必要环节。黑格尔的出发点在于，古典的国家理想已无法在现代非政治化的社会条件下复活。另一方面，他又坚持最早在论述民众宗教时提出的伦理总体性观念。这样，他就不得不调和优于现代个人主义的古典伦理理想和社会现代性的现实。随着国家与社会的分化——黑格尔当时实际上已经明确了这一点，黑格尔告别了复辟的政治哲学，同时也告别了理性自然法。如果说前者并未超出实质性的伦理观念，依然把国家看作是扩大了的家庭关系，那么，个人主义自然法则根本没有把自己提高到伦理观念的高度，并把“需要和理智的国家”与市民社会的私法关系等同起来。然而，只有当市民社会的原则被认为是市场的社会化原则，即非国家的社会化原则时，现代国家的独特性才开始表现出来。因为，“现代国家的原则已经得到了充分的强化和深化，足以让主体性原则把个人的特殊性发展到极端，同时，又把主体性原则还原为实质同一性，并在主体性原则自身当中维持这种实质同一性”。①\n\n① 黑格尔：《全集》，第7卷，第340页。\n\n②同上，第343页。\n\n③ 黑格尔：《全集》，第2卷，第482页。\n\n45","previous_page":44,"next_page":46}