{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title":"规训与惩罚 监狱的诞生","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","uuid":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title":"规训与惩罚 监狱的诞生","normalized_title":"规训与惩罚监狱的诞生","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":384,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E8%AE%AD%E4%B8%8E%E6%83%A9%E7%BD%9A%20%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/search"},"page":{"printed_page":203,"pdf_page":208,"physical_index":208,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8519804af16809d3a1a1e99f6ad922f3476d10832c22d0becab66b9cf90ddb0e"},"chapter":"第二章 规训的手段","content":"3. 规训惩罚具有缩小差距的功能。因此它实质上应该是矫正性的。除了直接借鉴于司法模式的惩罚（罚款、鞭答、单人禁闭）外，规训体制偏爱操练惩罚——强化的、加倍的、反复多次的训练。1766年步兵条例规定，“凡有某种疏忽表现或精神不振作的一等兵应降为二等兵”，只有经过重新操练和重新考核之后，他们才能晋升到原来的军阶。拉萨勒指出：“在各种补救性惩罚巾，罚做作业在教师看来是最正当的，在家长看来是最有利的。”这样就能“使孩子从错误本身得到改过自新、不断提高的手段”。譬如，对那些“没有完成全部书写作业或没有尽力做好书写作业的学生，可以罚他们写或背某些补充作业”(1a Salle《管理》，205)。规训惩罚基本上与义务属于同一类型。它与其说是一种被践踏的法律的报复，不如说是对该法律的重申，而且是加倍地重申，以致于它可能产生的矫正效应不仅包括附带的赎罪和忏悔。这种矫正效应可以直接通过一种训练机制而获得。惩罚就是操练。\n\n4. 在纪律中，惩罚仅仪是奖一罚二元体制的一个因素。此外，这种体制是在训练和矫正过程中运作的。教师“应该尽可能地避免使用惩罚，相反，他应该多奖励少惩罚。懒惰的学生与勤奋的学生一样、希望获得奖励比畏惧惩罚更能使他振奋。因此，当教师被迫使用惩罚时，如果他能先赢得孩子的心，是大有助益的”(Demia，17)。这种二元机制使得规训处罚具有某些特殊的做法。首先，关于行为和表现的定义\n\n第三部分·第二章 规训的手段\n\n203","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}