{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title":"规训与惩罚 监狱的诞生","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","uuid":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title":"规训与惩罚 监狱的诞生","normalized_title":"规训与惩罚监狱的诞生","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":384,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E8%AE%AD%E4%B8%8E%E6%83%A9%E7%BD%9A%20%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/search"},"page":{"printed_page":209,"pdf_page":214,"physical_index":214,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2ffddcf47b279749a2af0a5cb1578604a45b761b81b955792d566a4e320ab173"},"chapter":"第二章 规训的手段","content":"18世纪末，造成医学的认识“解冻”的一个基本条件是，作为“检查”机构的医院组织起来了。巡诊仪式是其最明显的形式。17世纪，医院除了宗教、行政等管理外，又增加了来自外面的医生的视查。医生乎不参与医院的日常管理。渐渐地，巡诊变得更有规律，更严格，特别是范围更大了。它变成医院功能中一个愈益重要的部分。1661年，巴黎主宫医院要求医生每日巡诊。1687年，一名“预定”的医生每天午后检查一些重病人。18世纪的条例规定了巡诊的钟点和持续时间（至少2个小时），要求实行医生轮流巡诊制，以保证.每天“甚至复活节”都有人巡诊。1771年，任命了一名住院医生，负责“在外来医生巡诊的间隔，日夜提供一切服务”(《主宫医院决议汇编》)。旧的不定期的走马观花变成了常规性的观察，从而使病人处于一种几乎无休止的受检查状态。这有两个后果：在内部等级系统中，原来作为一种外在因素的医生，开始超过宗教人员的地位，把后者排挤到检查技术中一个明确而次要的地位；“护士”类型出现了；与此同时，原来形同贫民院的医院，将要变成一个训练所，与知识相关的场所；它因此体现了一种权力关系的颠覆和一种知识系统的建构。“纪律严明”的医院变成医疗“规训”的物质样本。这种规训能够立刻抛弃其文本性，不是从作者一权威的传统，\n\n第三部分·第二章 规训的手段\n\n209","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}