{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title":"规训与惩罚 监狱的诞生","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","id":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","uuid":"2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title":"规训与惩罚 监狱的诞生","normalized_title":"规训与惩罚监狱的诞生","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":384,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E8%AE%AD%E4%B8%8E%E6%83%A9%E7%BD%9A%20%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2be6ee64-e97a-4f2a-baef-effa0be35e2b/search"},"page":{"printed_page":91,"pdf_page":96,"physical_index":96,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5bfbf7a8f5f872aee7499186e949c64a1b4bae275247a11275ce9555bd7a22bf"},"chapter":"第一章 普遍的惩罚","content":"通观18世纪，无论在司法机构内外，尤论在目常的刑罚实践中，还足在对现行制度的批判中，我们都会发现有一种关于惩罚权力运作的新策略。就其严格意义而言，无论是法学理论中提出的“改革”，还是各种方案中规划的“政革”，都足这种策略在政治上或在哲学上的体现，其首要日标是：使对非法活动的惩罚和镇压变成一和有规则的功能，与社会回步发展；不是要惩罚得更少些，而是要惩罚得更有效些；或许应减轻惩罚的严酷性，但日的在于使惩罚更具有普遍性和必要性：使惩罚权力更深地嵌人社会本身，\n\n因此，使改革得以问世的事态不是种新的情感状态，而是另一种对待非法活动的政策：\n\n粗略地讲，人们可以说，在旧制度下，各个社会阶层都有各自被容忍的非法活动的余地：有法不依，有令不从，这乃是当时社会的政治和经济运作的个条什：这个特征或许不是旧制度特有的。但是，在口制度下，非法活动根深柢固，成为各个社会阶层生活中不可或缺的部分，因此在某种意义上，它就具有了自己的系统性和结构。有时，它采取完全合法的形式，如某些个人或集闭享有的特权，这就使它不再成为一种非法活动，而是成为一种正式的豁免权。有时，它采\n\n第二部分·第一章 普遍的惩罚\n\n91\n\n览曾（1714-1792)、法耳大达当，","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}