{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":127,"pdf_page":146,"physical_index":146,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"1896354fc6e10f5be648e71800939c80cd10aabcb0ce843741bbf87b6fea9c12"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"戈尔顿在总结其发现时，对大屠杀同时具有的独特性和正常性进行了出色的描述：\n\n与偶发性屠杀相反，系统的灭绝只有通过极端强有力的政府才能得以实施，并且也许只有在战争时期的掩护下才能成功。只有随着希特勒、其偏激的反犹主义死党以及随后他们对权力的垄断的出现，才致使大规模地屠杀欧洲犹太人成为可能……\n\n有组织驱逐和屠杀的过程需要庞大的军事和官僚机构部门的协助，也需要德国人的默许——无论他们是否赞同纳粹的迫害和灭绝政策。\n\n戈尔顿命名了几种只有结合起来才能产生屠杀的因素：纳粹分子式的激进的(正如我们在上一章里所说的，现代的：种族主义的和灭绝性的)反犹主义;反犹主义变成一个强大集权国家的实际政策；这个国家支配着一个庞大的、有效率的官僚机器；“紧急状态下的国家”—一种不同寻常的战时环境，它允许这个国家所控制的政府和官僚体系越过一些在和平时期可能要面对重大障碍的事物；没有干涉，所有的人被动接受那些事情。这些因素中的两个(有人认为可缩减为一个：随着纳粹分子当权，战争实质上就是不可避免的)可以被看做是巧合的——尽管总是现代社会可能的属性，却并不必然就是它的属性。而剩下的因素则是完全“正常的”。它们恒久地存在于每个现代社会中，并且，是那些与现代文明的前进与巩固确切相关的进程使这些因素成为可能并且无可避免。\n\n四 大屠杀的独特性和常态性\n\n戈尔顿，《希特勒、德国人和“犹太问题”》，pp.48—9。\n\n127","previous_page":126,"next_page":128}