{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":140,"pdf_page":159,"physical_index":159,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e5790b4eb7f5b51fe8a1f7d8dcad0e3047b32a28d863c29402be9505f512f2b5"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"多年以来，研究大屠杀的历史学家已经分裂成“意向主义者”阵营和“功能主义者”阵营。前者认为屠杀犹太人最主要还是源于希特勒坚定的决心，只是等待机会将之付诸实践。后者相信希特勒只是有着“找到一个解决办法”解决“犹太人问题”的普通想法：这种想法只有在“清洗德国”的观念上才是清楚的，但对如何采取实践步骤实现这个目标仍然感到模糊和困惑。历史学者一度更明确地倾向于支持功能主义的观点。但无论争论的最终结果是什么，毫无疑问的是，延伸在观念与其实施之间的空间被官僚机构的行动填得满实满载。同样也毫无疑问的是，无论希特勒的幻想有多么生动，但如果这个想法没有被一个庞大的、理性的官僚化机器接手并转化成解决问题的常规程序，那它将一无所成。最后，也许最重要的是，官僚体系的行为模式留下了其在大屠杀进程中不可磨灭的痕迹。每个人都可以看到，它的指纹遍及整个大屠杀的历史。诚然，官僚体系的确没有孵化种族污染的恐惧和种族卫生的成见。要孵化恐惧和成见它还需要有空想家，因为官僚体系是在空想家止步之处继续下去的。但官僚体系制造了大屠杀，以它自己的形象制造了它。\n\n希尔博格认为，第一个德国官员写下第一条驱逐犹太人的规则之时，也就是欧洲犹太人的命运成为定数之时。在那个时候存在着一个最深奥、最令人恐怖的真相。官僚体系需要的是对其任务的定义。尽管它是理性和有效率的，它仍然需要被相信可以自始至终地把任务执行下去。\n\n140","previous_page":139,"next_page":141}