{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":199,"pdf_page":218,"physical_index":218,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"68993c8a7a9a460db3154542b1d7d16700bf4ee75d54a57325d63f7a53a45245"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"六 服从之伦理(读米格拉姆)\n\n尚未从大屠杀令人心悸的事实中完全恢复过来，德怀特·麦克唐纳于1945年警告说，现在我们必须提防的是守法者，而不是违法者。\n\n大屠杀使得所有被记住和承袭下来的邪恶形象都相形见绌。正由于此，大屠杀颠倒了罪恶行径以往的所有解释。它突然昭示，人类记忆中最耸人听闻的罪恶不是源自于秩序的涣散，而是源自完美无缺、无可指责且未受挑战的秩序的统治。它并非一群肆无忌惮、不受管束的乌合之众所为，而是由身披制服、循规蹈矩、惟命是从，并对指令的精神和用语细致有加的人所为。我们知道，无论在何时这些人一脱掉他们的军装，就与罪恶无涉。他们的行为跟我们所有的人极其相似。他们有爱妻，有娇惯的子女，有陷入悲伤而得到他们帮助与劝慰的朋友。可难以置信的是，这些人一旦穿上制服，就用子弹、毒气杀害成千上万的其他人，或者主持这项工作。被害者也包括为他人爱妻的女人和为他人爱子的幼童。这是令人胆寒的。像你我这样的普通人怎么能下得了手？难道的确在某种程度上，在很小的程度上，甚或在极微弱的程度上，他们是特殊的、不同的，跟我们不相似？难道他们真的摆脱了我们这个启蒙之后的文明社会所具有的使人尊贵、教人人道的影响？或者从另外一个角度来说，难道他们已经变坏、堕落，易受各种源自残缺扭曲人格的教导因素的恶性或者灾难性结合的摆布？反对这些假设会引起不满，不仅因为这将会粉碎一个文明社会的生活所承诺的个人安全的幻想，而且具有更深一层意义的原因是，因为它暴露了每一个在道德上正直的自我形象和任何清白良心无可挽回的不足为信，从今往后，只有进一步检省之后，所有的良心才将是清白的。\n\n199","previous_page":198,"next_page":200}