{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":219,"pdf_page":238,"physical_index":238,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"1c3a80b4e12a16385cda956c65c78093946a836239a260670e9caf9648a22742"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"可爱端庄的美国男孩一下变成近乎只有在像奥斯维辛或特雷布林卡这样的地方才能找到的那种魔鬼，令人恐惧但也令人困惑。它让很多观察者推测，即使不是全部的人，我们大多数人都有一个等待现身的具体而微的纳粹党卫军活在心中。(埃茨奥尼指出米格拉姆发现了藏在普通人心中“潜在的艾希曼”。)斯泰纳则提出一个概念:沉睡者(sleeper)，来指代正常情况下蛰伏，但有时却被唤醒的残酷的潜能。\n\n当建立了恰当的对应(lock and key)关系时，沉睡者效应指的是有暴力倾向的个体，如独裁者、暴君或者恐怖主义者的潜在的个性特征。沉睡者从他的行为模式的规范阶段中被唤醒，蛰伏的、暴力倾向的人格特征被激活。在某种程度上，所有的人都是沉睡者，以至于他们都有一种在特殊条件下能被触发的暴力潜能。\n\n不过明白无误的是，让齐姆巴多及其同事大吃一惊的对残酷的纵容并非源自参与者的邪恶，而是源自邪恶的社会安排。假使实验中的被试者被分配在相反的角色上，整个结果也不会有所不同。真正重要的是一种两极性的存在，而不是谁被分到了它的各个部分当中。真正重要的是一些人被赋予了施加给其他人的完全、惟一和没有限制的权力。如果在我们每个人内心都有一个沉睡者，可是这种情况没有发生，那么他就将永远沉睡下去。那样，我们就永远不会听到沉睡者的存在。\n\n六 服从之伦理(读米格拉姆)\n\n参看埃茨奥尼，“一个意义研究的模型”(Amitai A. Etzioni，‘A Model ofSignificant Research')，《国际精神病学学报》(International Journal of Psychiatry),vo1. VI(1968),pp.279—80。\n\n⑥ 斯泰纳，“党卫军的昨天和今天：一个社会心理学观点”(John M. Steiner，The SS Yesterday and Today: A Sociopsychological View'),见《幸存者、受害者和迫害者》，p.431。\n\n219","previous_page":218,"next_page":220}