{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":235,"pdf_page":254,"physical_index":254,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"65846f8519b9ec888f839f02a39f680746ff3a21230ddc8ba7e75813a80b5255"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"从这种普通的视角来看，他人的意义完全在于他对行动者实现目标的可能带来的影响。考虑到(也仅仅会这样考虑到)他人的喜乐无定和反复无常会降低特定目标被高效完成的可能性，他人就显得犹为紧要。行动者的任务就是确保一个情境，使他人在其中将停止发挥作用并可被忽略不计。因此这个任务与它的执行就将面对一个技术的而非道德的评价。在与他人的关系中，行动者面临的选择分为有效与无效、高效与低效—准确地说，是理性与非理性而不是对与错，善与恶。“与他人相处”的基本情境并不自己就产生(当然，除非有外力的强迫)任何道德问题。如果有什么会干预它的道德考虑，那肯定来自于外界。无论这些道德考虑会给行动者的选择带来何种限制，那都不会是出自手段一目的盘算的内在逻辑。分析而论，道德考虑需要被直截了当地放在非理性因素的一边。在完全由行动者目标营造的“与他人相处”的情境中，道德是一种外来的侵扰。\n\n对于这种道德起源的另一种观念或许可以在萨特对作为本质的、普遍的存在模式的自我一他人关系的著名论述中去寻找。我们并不确定就能在这儿找到它。如果萨特的分析的确能够展示某种道德的概念，那么它将是一个消极的观念：道德与其说是一种责任，毋宁说是一种限制；与其说是一种激励，毋宁说是一种约束。在这里(虽然只有在这里)，萨特理论中所蕴涵的对道德之地位的评价没有在本质上区别于上面所提到的标准的社会学解释，即关于道德在基本行为的情境中所扮演的角色的解释。\n\n一种道德的社会学理论初探\n\n235","previous_page":234,"next_page":236}