{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":237,"pdf_page":256,"physical_index":256,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f522a39c8f92caa748de0c2289826c4b878c22b1e514d21a0dee6a33cdba4be5"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"萨特式的不安和烦躁与通常社会学归因于他者之在场的那种外在约束，有着无可置疑的家族相似性。更确切地说，萨特所说的不安与烦躁代表了人们对于社会在他者之在场的那种非人性的、客观的结构中所力图把握的困境而作出的主观反应。或者，往好里说，它们代表了逻辑一理性立场的一种情感的、前认知的附属物。生存处境的这两种产物被它们所包孕的怨愤之情统一起来了。从这两方面来看，他人都是一种烦恼与负担；退一万步讲也是一个挑战。有的时候，他人的存在不要求有道德规范的存在—实际上，除了理性行动的规则外，再无其他的规范。而另外的时候，他人的存在把因其存在而引致的道德铸造为一套规章，而不是规范(远远不足以成为内在的推动力);规章则自然遭到憎恶，它们把他人展示为人的处境的一个敌对的外在者，展示为对自由的约束。\n\n不过，还有第三种对“与他人相处”的生存状况的描述一它可以提供一个真正不同的、原创性的社会学道德研究的起点，能够揭示并阐释用常规方法所不能触及的现代社会的一些层面。作为这种描述的代表人物的列维纳斯⑧引用陀思妥耶夫斯基来概括他的指导思想：“我们为一切负一切责任，在一切人之前为一切人负责，而我的负责超过了其他一切人。”\n\n七一种道德的社会学理论初探\n\n⑦ 舒茨，“萨特的他我理论”(Alfred Schutz，Sartre's Theory of the Alter Ego'),见《文集》(Collected Papers),vol. I, The Haag,Martinus Nijhoff, 1967,p. 189。\n\n⑧列维纳斯，《道德和无限：与菲利普·内莫的对话》(EmmanuelLevinas， Ethics and Infinity: Conversations with Philippe Nemo , trans. Richard A. Cohen), Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1982, pp. 95—101。\n\n237","previous_page":236,"next_page":238}