{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","id":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","uuid":"2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title":"现代性与大屠杀","normalized_title":"现代性与大屠杀","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7806573151","isbns":["7806573151"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":310,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/2d9d6c76-db52-4017-b0f5-0c012168939d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":27,"pdf_page":46,"physical_index":46,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9c883342ff5cb6264b74e12217ebbdef1a95577e0178731fb33161bc6bb6c0c2"},"chapter":"现代性与大屠杀","content":"在汉娜·阿伦特一段有名的话中，“最终解决”的发起者碰到(也可以说令人惊奇地成功解决了)的最棘手的问题是“如何克服……动物性的同情，这是所有的正常人在看到肉体折磨时都会产生的”。我们知道那些加入最直接地参与集体屠杀事务的组织的人，既不异常地具有虐待性也不异常地狂热。我们可以假设，他们都本能地反对身体折磨的痛苦，当然也就更加普遍地反对攫取生命。我们甚至还知道，例如，在招募特别行动队成员和其他同样与真实的屠杀现场接近的人时，也会格外小心地清除—禁止或开除所有异常急切的、性情中的、意识形态立场过于狂热的人。我们知道个人的积极性不受鼓励，要把大量的精力投入到使得整个任务公事公办中去，并使之严格地居于非个人的框架之中。个人获利和个人动机一般而言是要受到责难和惩罚的。不是听从命令并且以一种组织的形式来杀人，而是出自欲望或者高兴而杀人，这样的行为可能会(至少在原则上会)招致审讯和判刑。希姆莱也曾多次对他众多的、终日参与惨无人道行径的下属们维持心智健全和坚守道德标准表示了深切的，而且完全可能是真心的关注；他也对在他的信仰中，心智与道德经检验都未受到损伤而表示自豪。我们再次引用阿伦特的话来说：“纳粹党卫军依据其自身的‘客观性’，与‘情绪化’类型的人,如演奏员(Streicher)之类‘不切实际的傻瓜’，划分了界限，也与条顿日耳曼党的要人保持了距离，这些人表现得好像他们头上有角、身上生有毛皮一样。”®纳粹党卫军头目(似乎是肯定地)依赖于组织惯例而不是个人热情，依赖于纪律而不是意识形态的沉迷。对血腥任务的忠诚就是——也确实是——对组织的忠诚的一个衍生物。\n\n一导论：大屠杀之后的社会学\n\n阿伦特，《艾希曼在耶路撒冷：罪恶之千篇一律性报告》(Hannah Arendt，Eichmann in Jerusalem : A Report on the Banality of Evil), New York: Viking Press, 1946, p. 106。\n\n27","previous_page":26,"next_page":28}