{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7","title":"现代性与自我认同 晚期现代中的自我与社会","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300220871","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7","id":"37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7","uuid":"37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7","title":"现代性与自我认同 晚期现代中的自我与社会","normalized_title":"现代性与自我认同晚期现代中的自我与社会","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300220871","isbns":["9787300220871"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":246,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%AE%A4%E5%90%8C%20%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/37a23e11-747f-4d24-8693-55c1c75372d7/search"},"page":{"printed_page":62,"pdf_page":74,"physical_index":74,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"117c2b54d77627cde536b20a77e4b2159f2b9575390b3c13c61589e2b455a58f"},"chapter":"现代性 与自我认同","content":"在精神分析理论的诸多文献中，羞耻感似乎已经被降低至十分次要之地位，部分原因或许在于弗洛伊德对该问题讨论甚少，而更为重要的原因则是它所需要的种种概念（即自我与自我身份认同等概念）较难融入主流的精神分析中。[42]皮尔斯和辛格在他们合著的《羞耻与负罪》中将负罪感与超我(super-ego）相联系，同时将羞耻感与自我理想（ego-ideal）相联系。[43]负罪感是当超我的约束遭到破坏时而引发的焦虑，而羞耻感则是源自无法实现根植于自我理想中的期待。依据皮尔斯和辛格的研究，“当边界被触碰或被侵犯时”，负罪感便会产生，而羞耻感则“产生于目标之未能满足同时也意味着一种“缺陷’”[44]。然而，此处我们并不使用自我理想这一概念，相反，我们将在科胡特（Kohut)的研究成果之上把羞耻感与理想自我这个更有容纳度和价值的概念相联系。而理想自我就是“我想成为的那种自我”。\n\n羞耻感根植于一种“陈旧之环境”，在该环境中个体得以形成一种与看护者相分离的自我身份认同感。“理想自我”是自我身份认同之核心部分，因为它形塑了一个积极愿望得以表达的渠道，从而使自我身份认同之叙事得以最终成型。在许多情形中，通过对自我之不完善与局限性之接受，个人早期的无所不能遂被铸入可信的自尊感中。一如科胡特所言：“宏大幻想的范围和威力之逐渐减少，往往是个性的自恋部分中心理健康之先决条件。”[45]而对羞耻感的体验则在这一过程中发挥着基本作用。然而，在某些场景中，尤其在自恋式个性失调之情形下，个人的自豪感及成就感便会过度发展甚或发生破碎。科胡特将此情形描述为：\n\n68\n\n现代性与自我认同：晚期现代中的自我与社会\n\n62","previous_page":61,"next_page":63}