{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5","title":"人工智能时代：破解人机共存密码（套装共10册）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787521719512","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5","id":"396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5","uuid":"396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5","title":"人工智能时代：破解人机共存密码（套装共10册）","normalized_title":"人工智能时代破解人机共存密码套装共10册","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787521719512","isbns":["9787521719512","9787521709957","9787508685670","9787521713794","9787521703320","9787508698359","9787508673219","9787521713176","9787508668673"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":3314,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E7%A0%B4%E8%A7%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%B1%E5%AD%98%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%88%E5%A5%97%E8%A3%85%E5%85%B110%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/396e1bee-219e-4bee-9884-3214c17ff8f5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":8,"pdf_page":2051,"physical_index":2051,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fec29c8d3436f06de9d4260e55a34753de728e1cfe7c78079e7c57ea0f52da81"},"chapter":"第6章 未来的现实","content":"反向传播算法\n\n加州大学圣迭戈分校成立于1960年，现已发展成为生物医学研究的主要中心。它在1986年成立了世界上第一个认知科学系。<sup>[1]</sup>大卫·鲁姆哈特（见图8–1）在那时已经是一位杰出的数学家和认知心理学家，他曾在以符号学和规则为基础的传统人工智能领域工作过，这类研究在20世纪70年代的人工智能研究中占主导地位。1979年，我在加州大学圣迭戈分校由杰弗里·辛顿组织的研讨会上第一次见到了大卫，当时他开创了一种新的探索人类心理的方法，他和詹姆斯·麦克莱兰称之为“并行分布式处理”（以下简称PDP）。大卫总是能对问题进行深入思考，并经常提出富有洞察力的评论。\n\n玻尔兹曼机学习算法可以学习如何解决需要隐藏单元的问题，这表明，训练多层网络并突破感知器的限制是可行的，而这种观点与马文·明斯基和西摩尔·帕普特以及该领域大多数人的观点相左。网络中的层数或任一给定层内的连接性都不存在任何限制。但是有一个问题：达到平衡和收集统计数据来进行模拟的速度变得越来越慢，大型网络需要花费更长的时间才能达到平衡。\n\n08","previous_page":7,"next_page":9}