{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629","title":"新辩证法与马克思的《资本论》","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303230082","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629","id":"44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629","uuid":"44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629","title":"新辩证法与马克思的《资本论》","normalized_title":"新辩证法与马克思的资本论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303230082","isbns":["9787303230082"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":317,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%96%B0%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8E%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/44d73a0d-6bfb-41d9-850e-a0b0cd3fe629/search"},"page":{"printed_page":63,"pdf_page":86,"physical_index":86,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"458aacda1796f468d8482937999d9fbd1efb1f2a7c8056ba1b0f697380579f40"},"chapter":"新辩证法与马克思的《资本论》","content":"在组织生产、实现产出最大化的努力中，资本发现它面临一个特殊的困境：工人残存的“主体性”对资本提出了独特的难题，因为它产生了对其被剥削的明确反抗，而这种反抗是其他因素不具备的。生产的其他“因素”，如土地、机器、物质材料，有着它们既定的、提前可被预知的生产潜能。只与劳动有关的是可争论的(cont-estable)和竞争性的(contested)生产率，它仅仅是在工作日的结果中才能被知悉。所以，如果资本代替作为生产“主体”的劳动，那么它就必然不能在自己所选择的条件下进行生产。资本被限制在能够“榨取”(马克思语）劳动服务的程度。劳动这种特殊特征的结果是：资本与劳动之间的关系在本质上是对抗性的，在这个意义上有理由认为，雇佣劳动与其说是“生产性劳动”(productivela-bour)，不如说是“反生产性劳动”(counterproductive labour)，因为工人实际地或潜在地拒斥资本迫使他们劳动的企图。\n\n这就是对一个以经济的社会形式为基础的理论来说劳动与价值有关的原因。新价值是活劳动成功的具体化。正如马克思所说，价值“表现为他人劳动的产品，表现为劳动本身的异化产品”①。资本能够生产价值仅仅是通过在生产过程的阶级斗争中取得胜利。正如莱博维奇(M.A.Lebowitz)出色阐发的，“由于整体资本主义具有两面性，因此资本不能仅仅单纯地追求自身目标的实现，它还要阻止雇佣劳动目标的实现。总之，资本必须战胜工人；为了自身的发\n\n第3章劳动、价值与否定性\n\n63\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第31卷，27页。","previous_page":62,"next_page":64}