{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781608461042","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","uuid":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","normalized_title":"zombiecapitalismglobalcrisisandtherelevanceofmarx","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781608461042","isbns":["9781608461042"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":426,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Zombie%20Capitalism%20Global%20Crisis%20and%20the%20Relevance%20of%20Marx","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/search"},"page":{"printed_page":123,"pdf_page":123,"physical_index":123,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2889f678f952032f9ef2fdc1081ad607190c3c5d77d3c77b2ff2ac996d0634da"},"chapter":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","content":"Marx recognised that sometimes personal services for the ruling class were provided not by individuals working on their own account, but by capitalists employing paid labour to provide them to others. In these cases, he argued, the labour was productive because it created surplus value. The capitalists who employed it, after all, sold the produce of the labour at more than they paid for the labour power and pocketed a profit as a result. So a teacher employed personally in someone's home to teach their children was providing a service from which no profit was made and was unproductive; by contrast, a teacher employed by a company which made a profit by running a school was productive. One did not in any way help capitalists to accumulate value; the other did. The distinction was between labour that was integral to capitalist production and accumulation, and that which was not.\n\nBut in Capital Marx also found himself having to revisit the distinction between productive and unproductive labour in a different context-a context which was integral to, not external to, capitalist production in its totality. For as capitalism developed, it became increasingly dependent on many forms of labour that produced nothing.\n\nThere was the labour involved in maintaining discipline inside the capitalist enterprise-the \"work\" of managers, supervisors, foremen. There was the commercial labour involved in the exchange of already produced commodities as they went through the various chains of buying and selling before reaching the final consumer. There was the financial labour involved in reckoning up profit and loss, advancing credit, and dividing up surplus value between the various sections of the capitalist class. Marx recognised that these sorts of labour would grow in quantity as capitalism expanded:\n\nIt is clear that as the scale of production is extended, commercial operations required constantly for the recirculation of industrial capital. . . multiply accordingly . . . The more developed the scale of production, the greater . . . the commercial operations of industrial capital.8\n\nState Spending and the System\n\n123","previous_page":122,"next_page":124}