{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781608461042","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","uuid":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","normalized_title":"zombiecapitalismglobalcrisisandtherelevanceofmarx","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781608461042","isbns":["9781608461042"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":426,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Zombie%20Capitalism%20Global%20Crisis%20and%20the%20Relevance%20of%20Marx","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/search"},"page":{"printed_page":331,"pdf_page":331,"physical_index":331,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2505a643b5edcda5bdd2be053462a190e4856b1cfaa2cb0b4ae891a5c4636473"},"chapter":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","content":"So pervasive were these arguments that they influenced the thinking of radicals such as the American sociologist C Wright Mills2 and revolutionaries like Herbert Marcuse,3 while fashionable sociologists generalised the argument about \"post-industrial society\" to the advanced countries as a whole. They all looked rather foolish when French workers undertook the biggest general strike in history so far in May 1968 and waves of industrial struggle swept through Italy, Britain, Argentina, Spain and Portugal in the years 1969-75. Yet the argument revived in the 1980s and 1990s as the restructuring of capitalism through crisis decimated many old established sectors of the working class and industrial defeat led to a waning of class combativity.\n\nErnesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe were swimming with the tide of intellectual opinion when they asserted in an influential work in the mid-1980s, \"It is impossible today to talk about the homogeneity of the working class and to trace it to a mechanism inscribed in the logic of capital accumulation\" .4 So too were Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri when they claimed in 2000 that \"the industrial working class\" had \"all but disappeared from view. It has not ceased to exist, but it has been displaced from its privileged position in the capitalist economy\".5\n\nYet, not for the first time, the common sense among philosophers has departed from empirical reality. A detailed study of the world's workforce in the mid-1990s by Deon Filmer calculated that of 2,474 million people who participated in the global nondomestic labour force, 889 million worked for wages or salaries, 1,000 million people mainly for their own account on the land, and 480 million for their own account in industry and services. 6 Probably about 1 0 percent of those employed will have been members of the new middle class who receive more value than they create in return for helping to control the mass of workers.7 This means there were around 700 million workers, with about a third in \"industry\" and the rest in \"services\". The total size of the working class including their dependants and those who have retired must have been between 1.5 and 2 billion. More recent figures from the United Nations Development Programme suggest a global total for those m industry substantially higher than\n\nWho Can Overcome?\n\n331","previous_page":330,"next_page":332}