{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781608461042","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","id":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","uuid":"4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","normalized_title":"zombiecapitalismglobalcrisisandtherelevanceofmarx","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781608461042","isbns":["9781608461042"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":426,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Zombie%20Capitalism%20Global%20Crisis%20and%20the%20Relevance%20of%20Marx","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4a3d22bd-c5b9-47a4-a022-bd35d44d9bfe/search"},"page":{"printed_page":333,"pdf_page":333,"physical_index":333,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a8039b0d4c4d1169b9b9c24111fe43c8078299846673f0e8aa2368cac9aa637d"},"chapter":"Zombie Capitalism Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx","content":"The Japanese figures were even more astounding. The industrial workforce more than doubled between 1950 and 1971 and was another 13 percent higher in 1998. The fall in industrial employment in a number of countries over the last three decades does not signify deindustrialisation of the whole of the old advanced industrial world. It had 1 12 million industrial jobs in 199812-25 million more than in 1 95 1 and only 7.4 million less than in 1971. Toni Negri's Italy may not have been in the same league as the US or Japan, but industrial workers had certainly not disappeared. There were 6.5 million in 1998, down only one sixth since 1971 .13\n\nThese figures for industrial employment, it should be added, underestimate the economic importance of industry in general and manufacturing in particular. As Bob Rowthorn has rightly noted:\n\nAlmost every conceivable economic activity in modern society makes use of manufactured goods ... Many of the expanding service industries make use of large amounts of equipment.14\n\nThe small decline in the total industrial workforce is not because industry has become less important, but because productivity per employee in industry has risen more quickly than in \"services\". Slightly fewer manufacturing workers are producing many more goods than three decades ago. 15 The industrial workers are as important for the capitalist economy today as in the early 1970s. Glib statements like those of Hardt and Negri about their declining significance could not be more wrong.\n\nThe usual distinction between \"industry\" and \"services\" obscures more than it reveals. \"Services\" is a catch-all residual category of everything that does not fit into the sectors of industry and agriculture. So some of the shift from \"industry\" to the \"service sector\" amounts to no more than a change in the name given to essentially similar jobs. Someone (usually a man) who worked a typesetting machine for a newspaper publisher 30 years ago would have been classified as a particular sort of industrial worker (a \"print worker\"); someone (usually a woman) working a word processing terminal for a newspaper publisher today will be classified as a \"service worker\" . But the work performed remains essentially the same, and the final product more or less identical. Rowthorn undertook a statistical breakdown of the total \"service\" category for the OECD as a whole. There was a small fall in \"total goods and goods-related services\"-from 76 percent of all employment in 1970 to 69 percent in 1990.16 But this was certainly not a revolutionary transformation in the world of work.\n\nWho Can Overcome?\n\n333","previous_page":332,"next_page":334}