{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":106,"pdf_page":113,"physical_index":113,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f1600cb00b9b39335e10487aad78c8a9e771ddf7e56897583e030fc719828b42"},"chapter":"第五章 价值、价格和剥削","content":"二机械化、去技术化和资本控制\n\n生产相同使用价值的公司之间的部门内部竞争，迫使每个公司降低成本以便使自身的利润率最大化。假设工人是一样的，假设生产一种特定商品的诸多公司也是一样的，只不过其中一家公司能用同样的劳动投入生产更多东西（因为它的车间设计更为高效)。这个简单的例子表明技术的提高降低了单位成本，或者更准确地说，提高了单个劳动的价值生产率。①一般地说，更高劳动强度增加了产出（和创造的总价值）是因为更多的简单劳动凝结在这同一个具体劳动之中，然而，它并不影响产品的单位价值（参见本节)。与之相比，技术的提高简化了生产单位产品所必需的简单劳动的数量，并且有益于降低产品的价值：\n\n这种为了价值和剩余价值而进行的生产，像较为详细的说明所已经指出的那样，包含着一种不断发生作用的趋势，就是要把生产商品所必需的劳动时间，即把商品的价值，缩减到当时的社会平均水平以下。力求将成本价格缩减到它的最低限度的努力，成了提高劳动社会生产力的最有力的杠杆，不过在这里，劳动社会生产力的提高只是表现为资本生产力的不断提高。②\n\n马克思的价值：当代资本主义政治经济学批判\n\n(接上页注③)由熟练劳动简化为简单劳动。然而，我们并不清楚这种做法有多大的社会必要性；马克思认为这种简化对价值理论而言是外源性的”。\n\n① 换句话说，公司的技术越先进其利润率也就越高，这是因为其雇工具有更高的价值创造能力，而不是由其对手转化而来的价值创造能力。相反的观点，参见Indart (n. d. )。\n\n② 参见 Capital 3 (p. 1021)。\n\n106","previous_page":105,"next_page":107}