{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":115,"pdf_page":122,"physical_index":122,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ec1bc11316706faa3746381c2fa996c5b4f4a3f09b3f58491ef770390b397104"},"chapter":"第五章 价值、价格和剥削","content":"如之前所释，通过固定资本流通转移的价值取决于当前生产该投入之物所必需的抽象劳动时间，而社会必要投入之物取决于生产产品的主要技术。\n\n生产资料即棉花和纱锭……的价值，是棉纱价值或产品价值的组成部分……但是这里必须具备两个条件。第一，棉花和纱锭必须实际上用来生产使用价值。在我们所举的例子中，就是必须从棉花和纱锭生产出棉纱……第二，要假定所用的劳动时间只是一定社会生产条件下的必要劳动时间。如果纺一磅纱只需要一磅棉花，那么，纺一磅纱就只应当消耗一磅棉花，纱锭也是这样。如果资本家异想天开，要用金锭代替铁锭，那么在棉纱的价值中仍然只计算社会必要劳动，即生产铁锭所必要的劳动时间。①\n\n第五章价值、价格和剥削\n\n①“如果你们以为他用了他的工作日的哪怕一个时间原子来再生产或补偿’棉花、机器等等的价值，那你们就完全错了。由于他的劳动把棉花和纱锭变成棉纱，由于他纺纱，棉花和纱锭的价值就自行转移到棉纱上去。这种结果是靠他的劳动的质，而不是靠他的劳动的量造成的。”(Capital1，pp.335-336)\n\n②不变资本是生产中使用的机器和其他物质投入（非劳动投入）的价值。流动资本是每次流通中消耗的被投入之物的价值，包括不变资本、可变资本（工资花费）以及固定资本的贬值。固定资本是超过一次流通的物质投入的价值，例如建筑和机器。固定资本以两种方式贬值：一是物质方式，即它被使用或随着时间流逝而老化；二是技术方式，即新机器能以更低的花费生产出产品。(参见Perelman 1987, ch. 5 和 Weeks 1981, pp. 174 –186)\n\n115","previous_page":114,"next_page":116}