{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":14,"pdf_page":21,"physical_index":21,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"053d09fdb9376f6075d8bb05ffa34d12d1057a6130fde3ab0e7f545f756aba8e"},"chapter":"第一章 唯物辩证法","content":"这些不足之处可以被克服，只要分析建立在真正的抽象或具体性抽象(real orconcrete abstractions) 的基础上。②这一方法最早是由斯宾诺莎勾勒出来的，他的论证捍卫“由实际上的普遍原因而来的对独特性质的演绎”，而不是“依照三段论的形式化原则对事物性质进行的演绎”。③黑格尔发展了斯宾诺莎的洞见，他主张不能通过沉思获得真理，唯有从感性沉思上升到运用抽象的概念来表达具体性——这赋予具体性以内容和意义——才能获得真理(参见本章第二节)。马克思在自己的价值论和其他地方，修改并使用了这种方法。\n\n智力的概括以观察者选取的外部关系为基础，真正的抽象以物质现实为基础，它们揭示了个别事物的本质中蕴含的具体的普遍性。换言之，以智力的概括为基础的研究，能够从具体性所具有的任何特征开始。与之相比，唯物辩证法选取具体性所具有的最重要的特征，并以此为基础系统地重构其他特征。①本质是个别事物最一般的客观特征，是它们“受规律统治的内部结构”。换言之，本质构成了个别事物在逻辑上、历史上的决定性特征，这是它的内在关系的关键。②因此，（1）本质是一个逻辑范畴，它有助于在智力中重构具体性；(2)它就是个别事物由以展开的现实的（而非单纯理论的、理想的）本源；（3）它是在历史中形成的。③本质作为由规定而来的例外产生了，它逐渐脱离先前的具体的普遍性，成为历史进程中只能付诸具体分析的、一系列新现象的本质（参见后文的例子—抽象劳动、价值和资本等）。①\n\n马克思的价值：当代资本主义政治经济学批判\n\n① 参见Grundrisse（《政治经济学批判大纲》）第85\\~89页，Gunn(1992，p. 23)和Ilyenkov(1977,p.64;1982,pp.18–19,29-35,48,60–66,78,85)。\n\n②参见Ilyenkov(1982，pp.21-28，47-48，60-61,76,81-86)。类似的观 点参见 Albritton (1986，pp. 190 - 191)，Arthur (1979，pp. 73 - 77；1993a, pp. 85 - 86), Aumeeruddy and Tortajada (1979, pp. 5 - 9), Elson (1979b, pp. 145, 164), Fine and Harris (1979, p. 11), Gunn (1992, pp. 18 - 24), Himmelweit and Mohun (1978, p. 75), Kapferer ( 1980, p. 77), Lebowitz (1992, pp. 39-40), Murray(1998, pp. 114 - 115, 122 - 128), Shaikh (1982, p. 76), T. Smith(1998, p. 476) and Sohn - Rethel(1978, pp. 20, 69 -70)。Ollman(1993，pp.26-33）对马克思的“抽象”概念做出了解释。\n\n③ Ilyenkov(1982，p. 22). 还可以参见 Brown(2001) 和Ilyenkov(1977，essays1-2)。\n\n14","previous_page":13,"next_page":15}