{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":141,"pdf_page":148,"physical_index":148,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6bc9e045ae1498d2776c4011f72e26d4c343dcef4829ba819f61aa0e3d102dc9"},"chapter":"第六章 资本构成","content":"在动态环境中，技术变革中资本有机构成和资本价值构成能被计算出来。前文已经表明，此二者被区分开来是因为资本有机构成是对每小时（有酬的或无酬的）劳动所要求的（固定的或流通中的）不变资本的事先的估算，而资本价值构成则是新的（流通中的）不变资本和生产的最后一个阶段耗费的可变资本之间的事后的比例。因此，资本有机构成是在生产时被计算出来的，而资本价值构成是在流通中被确定的，是在劳动被规范化、同步化和均质化，新价值已然被确定，而商品即将进入交换领域的时候被计算出来的。在这种背景下，马克思在《资本论》第三卷的第三部分提出了利润率下降趋势的规律。①\n\n看起来，不同时候马克思对资本技术构成、资本有机构成和资本价值构成的使用有歧义，因为资本有机构成和资本价值构成都是对资本技术构成的价值估算。然而，这些概念的含义和重要性大不相同，而且马克思在术语上的变化反映了他逐渐意识到，想要分析资本的积累、价值向产品价格的转化、利润率下降的趋势以及不同类型的租金等，资本的构成极为重要。更重要的是，它们有助于阐明资本积累对社会资本再生产的影响。持续的技术变革提高了资本技术构成、资本有机构成和投入之物的总价值，但降低了产出之物的价值、未来投入之物的价格和资本价值构成。现实（尤其是大规模的固定资本）如何适应这些变化对于资本积累的过程很重要，因为大量资本的突然贬值能引发经济混乱和经济危机。\n\n第六章 资本构成\n\n①参见 Fine(1989，ch.10；1992)。\n\n141","previous_page":140,"next_page":142}