{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":149,"pdf_page":156,"physical_index":156,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a6fdd4f51000db395b3648de8a3f893711f5f8353a9e6ac1b535f6d2bd3a0cc1"},"chapter":"第七章 价值转化为生产价格","content":"之物的生产价格。①\n\n以下两个问题的原因很重要，但文献很少对它们加以探讨：马克思为何计算同样额度即100镑的资本，以及他为何用每个资本的全部产出之物，而不是用单位价格，来确定生产价格？原因可能在于使用它们非常方便。但是，既然马克思对资本有机构成感兴趣，这个程序就是必要的。让我们从同样规模的预付资本开始：\n\n资本的有机构成……必须按它的百分比来考察。一个资本的4/5为不变资本，1/5为可变资本，它的有机构成，我们用80c+20v这个公式来表示。②\n\n在转化及其他地方，马克思多次提到百分比的形式。他这样做是因为当直接测量不可能的时候，唯有这种方式才能估算静态下的资本有机构成。如果我们像马克思一样假设在每个公司劳动的价值生产率是相同的，并且剩余价值率的决定是为了整个经济(参见第四章第一节)，那么百分比形式（例如，用60c+40v，而不是用 6c + 4v 或 180c + 120v； 用 80c + 20v而不是用 8c + 2v 或2400c+600v)就具有显著后果：可变资本变成了所购买劳动量的指数。③而且，所推动的劳动量和产出的价值以及利润率具有直接关系。这就是转化中马克思想要强调的东西。由于这种关系是在生产中建立起来的，所以它们蕴含着资本的有机构成（而非价值构成）：\n\n第七章价值转化为生产价格\n\n①参见《资本论》第三卷，人民出版社，2004，第174\\~176页。——译者注\n\n②参见 Capital 3(p. 254)。\n\n③参见 Capital 3(pp. 137, 146, 243 -246)， D. Harvey (1999， p. 127) 和 Rubin(1975,pp. 231-247)。\n\n149","previous_page":148,"next_page":150}