{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":171,"pdf_page":178,"physical_index":178,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"65c282074691531969ed84c8c52346ee8792a91d453c34a73f99363aea488fb2"},"chapter":"第八章 货币、信用和通货膨胀","content":"一些学者拒不处理这个问题，要么他们把不可兑换的纸币看作假象，看作暂时的偏离②，要么他们假定货币绝不是商品，相反，货币总是由政府制造出来的。③然而，后者无法解释无价值货币如何能测量价值。这一部分要扩展马克思对价值形式的分析，表明价值形式与不可兑换的纸币完全契合。受这个目标的限制，这一部分并不回顾贵金属流通抑或当代货币体系结构的历史进程。④\n\n对无价值货币的解释从等价交换开始。在最抽象的层次上(参见本章第一节），等价交换（C—C'）包括同样社会必要劳动时间下的再生产（RSNLTs）所生产的商品。以货币为中介的交换(C—M—C')改变了等价交换的意义，以为商品拥有者不必始终拥有同样的价值，即便用黄金货币也是如此（因为金会有磨损）。更一般地说，以可兑换的纸币为中介的交换表明，交换中至关重要之处不在于货币的内在价值，而在于其交换价值（在忽略价格波动的情况下)。\n\n第八章货币、信用和通货膨胀\n\n①马克思充分意识到货币的无价值形式，包括约翰·劳（JohnLaw)的体系和法国大革命期间的“指券”。因此，他并未预设商品货币必定存在，抑或在某种程度上商品货币是资本主义的必要特征。他直言不讳地说，“货币可以是粪土，虽然粪土并不是货币”(Capital1，p.204)。然而，马克思并未解释无价值的货币是如何测量价值的。\n\n②“货币必然是一种商品，这种情况决不是真的，它建立在马克思在《经济学手稿(1857—1858年)》中提出的强力的理论基础上……如果一个人承认撇开抽象劳动这一标准也能测量商品的价值，那么这个人必然也承认商品的价值并不决定于抽象劳动所表达的商品的内容……马克思主义作家不应该让自己受这种浅显的归纳程序—由货币-商品并非直接可见的得出货币-商品并不存在——的误导”(Germer1997，pp.94，99，102)。还可以参见Germer(1999，p. 2), D. Harvey (1999, p. 245 n. 6), D. Lavoie (1983, p. 55, 1986, p. 155),Loranger(1982b, p. 495) 和 Rosdolsky (1977, pp. 83, 139)。\n\n③ 参见 deVroey(1985,pp. 45-46),Mattick (1978),Reuten and Williams (1989, p. 65)和Williams(1998,2000)。\n\n④ 参见Saad-Filho(1996b,1997a)。\n\n171","previous_page":170,"next_page":172}