{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":18,"pdf_page":25,"physical_index":25,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2323f8a20f28a408d326cf2b5a32dbfdfc3c122b29b20df87a1b9ef7527661fe"},"chapter":"第一章 唯物辩证法","content":"若想得到更多成果，人们对资本主义劳动的意义和重要性的分析必须从它的本质——抽象劳动——开始。抽象劳动可以被定义为雇佣劳动所从事的、直接指向剩余价值生产的劳动（参见第三章第二节)。这是资本主义劳动的本质，原因有三。第一，使用工资劳动以生产剩余价值，这是资本主义关系的典型特征（和定义)。第二，资本主义的传播逐渐扰乱了非资本主义的生产方式。非工资形式的劳动容易被边缘化，雇佣劳动的雇佣视剩余价值的生产而定。①第三，对抽象劳动的系统分析中，引进了其他范畴以解释资本主义的结构和社会关系，这也是《资本论》的导引线索。\n\n在资本主义制度下，劳动通常有两个规定：它既是具体的又是抽象的。作为具体劳动，工作是一种转化活动；作为抽象劳动，工作被归为一种特殊的社会形式。抽象劳动主导具体劳动，因为具体劳动的展开通常取决于剩余价值的榨取，而不取决于对劳动产品的需求。\n\n上述说法强调了唯物辩证法的四个重要特征。第一，真正的抽象揭示了所分析现象的本质，但本质未必在每一个个体中展现其自身。②在上面的例子中，虽然有些劳动（如志愿者工作）没有工资，有些不领工资的工人（如由私人工厂转包的囚犯）能创造剩余价值，有些领工资的工人（如公务人员）没有创造剩余价值，但是，抽象劳动仍是资本主义劳动的本质。\n\n马克思的价值：当代资本主义政治经济学批判\n\n① 参见Theories of SurplusValue1(pp. 409-410)。\n\n②“具体的普遍性通过概念得到表达，它本身包含具体的所有内容，但原因不在于它包含所有的事例，抑或它可以作为这些事例的共同名称。”(Ilyenkov1982，p.84)与此类似，Foley(1986，p.4)也论证，加入更高级的内容后，“有可能产生看似与基础性内容相矛盾的现象……但这种矛盾只是表面的；只要解释与理论的结构相一致，那么基本内容在解释中仍然是有效的、重要的，在更复杂的情形中仍然可以使用”。\n\n18","previous_page":17,"next_page":19}