{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","id":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","uuid":"4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title":"马克思的价值：当代资本主义经济学批判","normalized_title":"马克思的价值当代资本主义经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787520180269","isbns":["9787520180269"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":244,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%EF%BC%9A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/4ec17d87-0309-41de-9bb0-d3dffb1b81da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":180,"pdf_page":187,"physical_index":187,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ab30730a288e3ab9ec8d2a04e139305fd276d3ebafa84e504a6967d69f4b126a"},"chapter":"第八章 货币、信用和通货膨胀","content":"该分析从资本流通开始。当资本家利用之前积累的资金或者重新创立的信用货币借款以便为生产筹资的时候，生产循环就开始了。将这些资金注入经济中，这提高了流通货币和产出价值的比率。如果更多的产品被生产出来并且被销售出去、额外的收入被创造出来，那么，货币和价值关系中最初的变化就不会发生。然而，如果产品不能以生产价格出售，那么两种方式可以弥补公司受到的损失。一种方式是，如果“市场原则”受尊重，那么一组定义明确的主体通常是公司或银行会承受这些损失。这种解决方式并不稳定，因为它有可能导致失业、产能利用不足、工作环境恶化和金融脆弱。\n\n另一种方式是损失的社会化，即债务得到融资或公司收到政府补贴（其极端方式是损失由国家承担、由公共资金“重组”）。无论哪种方式，都注入了一种购买力，以便使流通货币和产出之物之间最初的差异永远存在，换句话说，始终不断地增加与劳动等价的货币。违背“市场原则”为经济注入的货币就是超发货币。①超发货币之所以被创造出来，还可能是因为中央银行对金融机构的支持，是因为投机目的而合作、动用家庭储蓄或借债。②不考虑产品的不变价值，不顾当今或过去存在的均衡，超发货币增加了非金融部门名义上的收入或流动财富。如果超发货币引起了数量上的回应，之前价值和货币的关系有可能得到恢复；否则，劳动的货币表达就会升高：这就是超发货币的通货膨胀。\n\n马克思的价值：当代资本主义政治经济学批判\n\n(接上页注④)(1980,ch.4)，Lipietz(1985a)，Loranger(1982a，1989)，Mandel(1975, ch. 13), Mattick (1978), Orléan (1982), Reuten and Williams (1989,pp. 84 -87, 95 - 98, 148 - 156), deVroey (1984) 和 Weeks (1981, pp. 145 -148)。Toporowski(2000)也勾勒出类似的路径，他强调资本市场的作用。更完整的分析，参见 Saad-Filho(2000a)。许多后凯恩斯主义学者（例如 Moore1988）论证如果货币供给是内生性的，就不会有过量的货币供给。相反的论证，参见 Hilferding(1981,ch. 5)和 Lapavitsas and Saad - Filho(2000)。\n\n① 参见 de Vroey(1984)。\n\n②类似的论证，参见 Kalecki(1997)和 Sawyer(1985，ch.6)。\n\n180","previous_page":179,"next_page":181}